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Semin intervent Radiol 2006; 23(1): 047-063
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-939841
Copyright © 2006 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Epidemiology of Primary and Secondary Liver Cancers

Ashwin Ananthakrishnan1 , Veena Gogineni1 , Kia Saeian1
  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Publication History

Publication Date:
04 April 2006 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a wide geographic distribution. The incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing and there is still a higher prevalence in developing countries. Early recognition remains an obstacle and lack of it results in poor outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent primary liver cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma. The most common risk factors associated with HCC are hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C infections, alcohol use, smoking, and aflatoxin exposure. Emerging risk factors such as obesity might play an important role in the future because of the increasing prevalence of this condition.

KEYWORDS

Primary liver cancer - hepatocellular carcinoma - cholangiocarcinoma - chronic hepatitis B - chronic hepatitis C

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Kia SaeianM.D. M.Sc. 

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin

9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226