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  • Original Paper
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Microarray screening for target genes of the proto-oncogene PLAG1

Oncogene volume 23, pages 179–191 (2004)Cite this article

Abstract

PLAG1 is a proto-oncogene whose ectopic expression can trigger the development of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands and of lipoblastomas. As PLAG1 is a transcription factor, able to activate transcription through the binding to the consensus sequence GRGGC(N)6–8GGG, its ectopic expression presumably results in the deregulation of target genes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. The identification of PLAG1 target genes is therefore a crucial step in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in PLAG1-induced tumorigenesis. To this end, we analysed the changes in gene expression caused by the conditional induction of PLAG1 expression in fetal kidney 293 cell lines. Using oligonucleotide microarray analyses of about 12 000 genes, we consistently identified 47 genes induced and 12 genes repressed by PLAG1. One of the largest classes identified as upregulated PLAG1 targets consists of growth factors such as the insulin-like growth factor II and the cytokine-like factor 1. The in silico search for PLAG1 consensus sequences in the promoter of the upregulated genes reveals that a large proportion of them harbor several copies of the PLAG1-binding motif, suggesting that they represent direct PLAG1 targets. Our approach was complemented by the comparison of the expression profiles of pleomorphic adenomas induced by PLAG1 versus normal salivary glands. Concordance between these two sets of experiments pinpointed 12 genes that were significantly and consistently upregulated in pleomorphic adenomas and in PLAG1-expressing cells, identifying them as putative PLAG1 targets in these tumors.

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Accession codes

Accessions

GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ

Abbreviations

PLAG1 :

pleomorphic adenoma gene 1

IGF-II:

insulin-like growth factor II

PA:

pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands

nsg:

normal salivary gland

p57kip2:

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C

CRABP-II:

cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II

CLF-1:

cytokine-like factor 1

CRP2:

cysteine-rich protein 2

PIGF:

placental growth factor

SADV:

scaled average difference value

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge N Agten, Grigory Dubois and E Meyen for technical assistance, and Bernard Peers and Sabine Tejpar for critical review of the manuscript. We also like to thank the head and neck surgeons Professor P Delaere, Professor V Vander Poorten, Dr Chr Vanclooster, Dr E Annys, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Professor J Schoenaers, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium for cooperation in providing the surgical specimens. We are also grateful to Professor R Sciot, Pathology Department University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium for histological diagnosis and Prof A Hagemmeijer and Dr M Debiec-Rychter, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Human Malignancies, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium for the cytogenetic analyses. This work was supported by the ‘Geconcerteerde Onderzoekacties 2002–2006’, the ‘Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO)’ and the ‘Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (Televie 7.4533.01 and 7.4552.02; Credit Chercheur 1.5.108.02). MLV is a Chercheur Qualifié and HP is a Collaborateur Scientifique from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique. IVV is an aspirant fellow and YM a postdoctoral fellow of the FWO. JM is a postdoctoral researcher and BDM is a full professor at the KUL, Belgium.

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  1. Christophe Van Huffel

    Present address: Genergon, Avenue de la Tenderie, 21, Brussels, B-1170, Belgium

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven & Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Herestraat 49, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium

    Marianne L Voz, Karen Hensen, Isabelle Van Valckenborgh, Marcela Chavez & Wim J M Van de Ven

  2. Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie Génétique, Université de Liège, Allée du XVI-août, Institut de Chimie, B6, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Belgium

    Marianne L Voz, Hélène Pendeville & Yves Moreau

  3. ESAT-SCD, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium

    Janick Mathys & Bart De Moor

  4. Department of Genomics, Starlab NV/SA, Emgeland, Busselles, 555 B-1180, Belgium

    Christophe Van Huffel

  5. Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 33, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium

    Boudewijn Van Damme

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  1. Marianne L Voz
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Correspondence to Marianne L Voz.

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Voz, M., Mathys, J., Hensen, K. et al. Microarray screening for target genes of the proto-oncogene PLAG1. Oncogene 23, 179–191 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207013

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