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Sae2, Exo1 and Sgs1 collaborate in DNA double-strand break processing

Nature volume 455, pages 770–774 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

DNA ends exposed after introduction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) undergo 5′–3′ nucleolytic degradation to generate single-stranded DNA, the substrate for binding by the Rad51 protein to initiate homologous recombination. This process is poorly understood in eukaryotes, but several factors have been implicated, including the Mre11 complex (Mre11–Rad50–Xrs2/NBS1), Sae2/CtIP/Ctp1 and Exo1. Here we demonstrate that yeast Exo1 nuclease and Sgs1 helicase function in alternative pathways for DSB processing. Novel, partially resected intermediates accumulate in a double mutant lacking Exo1 and Sgs1, which are poor substrates for homologous recombination. The early processing step that generates partly resected intermediates is dependent on Sae2. When Sae2 is absent, in addition to Exo1 and Sgs1, unprocessed DSBs accumulate and homology-dependent repair fails. These results suggest a two-step mechanism for DSB processing during homologous recombination. First, the Mre11 complex and Sae2 remove a small oligonucleotide(s) from the DNA ends to form an early intermediate. Second, Exo1 and/or Sgs1 rapidly process this intermediate to generate extensive tracts of single-stranded DNA that serve as substrate for Rad51.

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Figure 1: Sae2 and Exo1 function at different steps in DSB resection.
Figure 2: Sgs1 and Exo1 function redundantly in DSB resection.
Figure 3: Single-stranded intermediates fail to form in the absence of Exo1 and Sgs1.
Figure 4: Sae2 is required for creating the minimally resected intermediates.
Figure 5: Two-step mechanism for DSB resection.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. Lichten, J. McCusker, A. Rattray and R. Rothstein for gifts of strains and plasmids, and W. K. Holloman and R. Rothstein for comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.

Author Contributions E.P.M. and L.S.S. designed the experiments and wrote the paper; E.P.M. performed the experiments.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA,

    Eleni P. Mimitou & Lorraine S. Symington

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Correspondence to Lorraine S. Symington.

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Mimitou, E., Symington, L. Sae2, Exo1 and Sgs1 collaborate in DNA double-strand break processing. Nature 455, 770–774 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07312

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