Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Commentary
  • Published:

Immune control of HIV: the obstacles of HLA and viral diversity

Nature Immunology volume 2, pages 473–475 (2001)Cite this article

Abstract

The development of an effective vaccine for HIV requires a better understanding of immune responses. The challenge is to contain HIV in the context of individual host genetics and the ever increasing diversity of HIV.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on SpringerLink
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: CTL epitope clustering in p17.
Figure 2: A comparison of the evolutionary distances of DNA encoding HIV-1 partial envelope gene sequences (C2-V5) through phylogenetic analysis.

References

  1. Rosenberg, E. S. et al. Science 278, 1447–1450 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zajac, A. J. et al. J. Exp. Med. 188, 2205–2213 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Schmitz, J. E. et al. Science 283, 857–860 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Jin, X. et al. J. Exp. Med. 189, 991–998 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rosenberg, E. S. et al. Nature 407, 523–526 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Oxenius, A. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 3382–3387 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barouch, D.H. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 4192–4197 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sipsas, N. V. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 752–762 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pikora, C. A., Sullivan, J. L., Panicali, D. & Luzuriaga, K. J. Exp. Med. 185, 1153–1161 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ray, S. C., Lubaki, N., Dhruva, B. R., Siliciano, R. F. & Bollinger, R. C. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 14, 3–13 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jin, X. et al. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16, 67–76 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kuiken C. L., Foley B. T., Guzman E. & Korber B. T. in Molecular Evolution of HIV (ed. Crandall, K.) 432–468 (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Goulder, P. J. et al. J. Virol. 74, 5679–5690 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kaslow, R. A. et al. Nature Med. 2, 405–411 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Carrington, M. et al. Science 283, 1748–1752 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Migueles, S. A. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2709–2714 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Goulder, P. J. et al. J. Exp. Med. 193, 181–194 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kaul, R. & Rowland-Jones, S. in HIV Molecular Immunology Database Part IV (eds Korber, B. et al. ) 35–44 (Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Liitsola, K. et al. AIDS 12, 1907–1919 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. McCutchan, F. E. et al. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 8, 1887–1895 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lukashov, V. V. & J. Goudsmit, J. J. Virol. 71, 6332–6338 (1997).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Vidal, N., Mulanga-Kabeya, C., Nzilambi, N., Delaporte, E. & Peeters M. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16, 2059–2064 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Korber, B. et al. Science 288, 1789–1796 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Salemi M. et al. FASEB J. 15, 276–278 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Altfeld, M. et al. J. Exp. Med. 193, 169–180 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. in HIV Molecular Immunology Database Part II B (eds Korber, B. et al. ) 1–13 (Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, 2000). See also: http://hiv-web.lanl.gov.

  27. Shankarappa, R. J. Virol. 7, 10489–10502 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank B.Gaschen and R.Thakallapally for help with the illustrations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Partners AIDS Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA

    Bruce D. Walker

  2. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545, NM, USA

    Bette T. Korber

Authors
  1. Bruce D. Walker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bette T. Korber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Walker, B., Korber, B. Immune control of HIV: the obstacles of HLA and viral diversity. Nat Immunol 2, 473–475 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/88656

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/88656

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing