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Sleep Apnea, Heart Failure, and Pulmonary Hypertension

  • Prevention of Heart Failure (M St. John Sutton, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Despite the emergence of sleep apnea (SA) as a significant risk factor for heart failure (HF) mortality, data indicate that SA remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Less well established, though perhaps more emphasized, is the role of sleep apnea in pulmonary hypertension (PH). SA occurs in approximately 50 % of HF patients, and its consequences include intermittent hypoxemia, arousal, and intra-thoracic pressure swings leading to neurohormonal stimulation, oxidative stress and inflammation. While SA is also considered a cause of PH, severe PH due solely to SA is rare. Combining the results of several studies using Swan-Ganz catheters for diagnosis of PH, approximately 10 % of patients with OSA have PH. Effective treatment of SA in HF is associated with improved survival, while treatment of SA in PH is typically associated with modest hemodynamic improvement.

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Conflict of Interest

Sogol Javaheri declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Shahrokh Javaheri has received financial support through a grant from Philips Respironics, has received financial support for travel to meetings from ResMed Corporation, and has received payment for lectures including service on speakers bureaus from Philips Respironics and ResMed Corporation.

Ali Javaheri declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brigham and Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Sogol Javaheri

  2. Sleepcare Diagnostics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45040, USA

    Shahrokh Javaheri

  3. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Ali Javaheri

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  1. Sogol Javaheri
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Correspondence to Sogol Javaheri.

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Javaheri, S., Javaheri, S. & Javaheri, A. Sleep Apnea, Heart Failure, and Pulmonary Hypertension. Curr Heart Fail Rep 10, 315–320 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-013-0167-3

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