Abstract
A series of polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposite fibrous membranes, including neat PLA, PLA/hydroxyapatite (HA) and PLA/HA/graphene oxide (GO), were fabricated via electrospinning method. The morphology and composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. The thermal stability was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To estimate the cytocompatibility of asprepared PLA/HA/GO fibrous membrane, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured, and the corresponding cell adhesion and differentiation capability were investigated by fluorescence microscopy, SEM and MTT test. The electrospun ternary PLA/HA/GO membrane exhibited three-dimensional fibrous structure with relatively rough surface morphology, which made itself ideal for cell attachment and proliferation in bone tissue regeneration. The fluorescence microscopy, SEM and MTT test confirmed that the PLA/HA/GO nanocomposite fibrous membrane created a proper environment for the seeding and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Langer R, Vacanti J. Tissue engineering. Science, 1993, 260: 920–926
Crane G M, Ishaug S L, Mikos A G. Bone tissue engineering. Nat Med, 1995, 1: 1322–1324
Yaszemski M J, Payne R G, Hayes W C, et al. Evolution of bone transplantation: Molecular, cellular and tissue strategies to engineer human bone. Biomaterials, 1996, 17: 175–185
Vacanti C A, Vacanti J P. Bone and cartilage reconstruction with tissue engineering approaches. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 1994, 27: 263–276
Devin J E, Attawia M A, Laurencin C T. Three-dimensional degradable porous polymer-ceramic matrices for use in bone repair. J Biomater Sci Polymer Edn, 1996, 7: 661–669
Marra K G, Szem J W, Kumta P N, et al. In vitro analysis of biodegradable polymer blend/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res, 1999, 47: 24–35
Maquet V, Boccaccini A R, Pravata L, et al. Porous poly (a-hydroxyacid)/bioglass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. I: Preparation and in vitro Characterisation. Biomaterials, 2004, 25: 4185–4194
Yang F, Murugan R, Ramakrishna S, et al. Fabrication of nanostructured porous PLLA scaffold intended for nerve tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2004, 25: 1891–1900
Russias J, Saiz E, Nalla R K, et al. Fabrication and mechanical properties of PLA/ HA composites: A study of in vitro degradation. Mater Sci Engineer C, 2006, 26: 1289–1295
Lannuttia J, Reneker D, Ma T, et al. Electrospinning for tissue engineering scaffolds. Mater Sci Engineer C, 2007, 27: 504–509
Liu C, Xia Z, Czernuszka J T. Design and development of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Trans I ChemE Part A, 2007, 85: 1051–1064
Subbiah T, Bhat G S, Tock R W, et al. Electrospinning of nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci, 2005, 96: 557–569
Reneker D H, Chun I. Nanometre diameter fibres of polymer, produced by electrospinning. Nanotechnology, 1996, 7: 216–223
Yang Y, Jia Z, Li Q, et al. Electrospinning and its application. High Voltage Engine, 2006, 32: 91–95
Qin X H, Wang S Y. Electrospun nanofibers from crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) and its filtration efficiency. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008, 109: 951–956
Mo X M, Xu C Y, Kotaki M, et al. Electrospun P (LLA-CL) nanofiber: A biomimetic extracellular matrix for smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell proliferation. Biomaterials, 2004, 25: 1883–1890
Xu C Y, Inai R, Kotaki M, et al. Aligned biodegradable nanofibrous structure: A potential scaffold for blood vessel engineering. Biomaterials, 2004, 25: 877–886
Hutmacher D W. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage. Biomaterials, 2000, 21: 2529–2543
Li W J, Laurencin C T, Caterson E J, et al. Electrospun nanofibrous structure: A novel scaffold for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res, 2002, 60: 613–621
Kim H W, Lee H H, Knowles J C. Electrospinning biomedical nanocomposite fibers of hydroxyapaite/poly (lactic acid) for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2006, 79A: 643–649
Montjovent M O, Mathieu L, Hinz B, et al. Biocompatibility of bioresorbable poly (L-lactic acid) composite scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming with human fetal bone cells. Tissue Eng, 2005, 11: 1640–1649
Schmack G, Tandler B, Vogel R, et al. Biodegradable fibers of poly (L-lactide) produced by high-speed melt spinning and spin drawing. J Appl Polym Sci, 1999, 73: 2785–3000
Fujuan L, Rui G, Mingwu S, et al. Effect of the porous microstructures of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/carbon nanotube composites on the growth of fibroblast cells. Soft Mater, 2010, 8: 239–253
Furuzono T, Kishida A, Tanaka J. Nano-scaled hydroxyapatite/polymer composite I coating of sintered hydroxyapatite particles on poly(Γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane)-grafted silk fibroin fibers through chemical bonding. J Mate Sci Mater Med, 2004, 15: 19–23
Wang S, Tambraparni M, Qiu J J, et al. Thermal expansion of graphene composites. Macromolecules, 2009, 45: 5251–5255
Jiang J W, Wang J S, Li B. Young’s modulus of graphene: A molecular dynamics study. Phys Rev B, 2009, 80: 113405–113408
Shi Y M, Fang W J, Zhang K K, et al. Photoelectrical response in single-layer graphene transistors. Small, 2009, 5: 2005–2011
Cai D Y, Song M. A simple route to enhance the interface between graphite oxide nanoplatelets and a semi-crystalline polymer for stress transfer. Nanotechnology, 2009, 20: 315708
Xu Z, Gao C. In situ polymerization approach to graphene-reinforced nylon-6 composites. Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 6716–6723
Xu Y, Hong W J, Bai H, et al. Strong and ductile poly (vinyl alcohol)/ graphene oxide composite films with a layered structure. Carbon, 2009, 47: 3538–3543
Veca L M, Lu F S, Meziani M J, et al. Polymer functionalization and solubilization of carbon nanosheets. Chem Commun, 2009, 14: 2565–2567
Salavagione H J, Gomez M A, Martinez G. Polymeric modification of graphene through esterification of graphite oxide and poly(vinyl alcohol). Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 6331–6334
Yan X B, Chen J T, Yang J, et al. Fabrication of free-standing, electrochemically active, and biocompatible graphene oxide-polyaniline and graphene-polyaniline hybrid papers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2010, 2: 2521–2529
Xu Z, Gao C. Graphene chiral liquid crystals and macroscopic assembled fibres. Nat Commun, 2011, 2: 571
Xu Y X, Bai H, Lu G W, et al. Flexible graphene films via the filtration of water-soluble noncovalent functionalized graphene sheets. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 5856–5857
Xu J Y, Hu Y, Song L, et al. Preparation and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)/graphite oxide nanocomposite. Carbon, 2002, 40: 445–467
Chen Y F, Qi Y Y, Tai Z X, et al. Preparation, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of graphene oxide/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composites. J Eur Polym, 2012, 48: 1026–1033
Xiao Y Z, Ji L Y, Cheng P, et al. Distribution and biocompatibility studies of graphene oxide in mice after intravenous administration. Carbon, 2011, 49: 986–995
Kan W, Jing R, Hua S, et al. In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. Tox Lett, 2011, 200: 201–210
Wang K, Ruan J, Song H, et al. Biocompatibility of graphene oxide. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2011, 6: 1–8
William S, Hummers J, Richard E O. Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc, 1958, 80: 1339
Stankovich S, Piner R D, Nguyen S T, et al. Synthesis and exfoliation of isocyanate-treated graphene oxide nanoplatelets. Carbon, 2006, 44: 3342–3347
Kim B, Mooney D J. Development of biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. Trend Biotech, 1998, 16: 224–230
He W, Yong T, Teo W E, et al. Fabrication and enthothelialization of collagen-blended biodegradable polymer nanofibers: Potential vascular graft for the blood vessel tissue engineering. Tissue Eng, 2005, 11: 1574–1588
Webster T J, Ergun C, Doremus R H, et al. Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics. Biomaterials, 2000, 21: 1803–1810
Hutmacher D W. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage. Biomaterials, 2000, 21: 2529–2543
Cui Y, Liu Y, Jing X B, et al. The nanocomposite scaffold of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) and hydroxyapatite surface-grafted with L-lactic acid oligomer for bone repair. Acta Biomaterialia, 2009, 5: 2680–2692
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
This article is published under an open access license. Please check the 'Copyright Information' section either on this page or in the PDF for details of this license and what re-use is permitted. If your intended use exceeds what is permitted by the license or if you are unable to locate the licence and re-use information, please contact the Rights and Permissions team.
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, H., Su, W., Tai, Z. et al. Preparation and cytocompatibility of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite fibrous membrane. Chin. Sci. Bull. 57, 3051–3058 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5336-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5336-3