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A review of 3D bio-printing for bone and skin tissue engineering: a commercial approach

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Abstract

The ultimate prospect of tissue engineering is to create autologous tissue grafts for future replacement therapies through utilization of cells and biomaterials simultaneously. Bio-printing is a novel technique, a growing field that is leading to the global revolution in medical sciences that has gained significant attention. Bio-printing has the potential to be used in producing human engineered tissues like bone and skin which then ultimately can be used in the clinics. In this paper, the 3D bio-printing applications of the engineered human tissues that are available (skin and bone) are reviewed. It is evident that various tissue engineering techniques have been applied in the fabrication of skin tissue; therefore, it leads to introduce tissue substitutes such as complementary, split-thickness skin graft, allografts, acellular dermal substitutes and cellularized graft-like commercial products, i.e., Dermagraft and Apligraf. Also, some bone scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate are available in the market. The technology of bio-printing has got validated for bone and skin tissue fabrication, and it is hoped that other tissues could be produced by this technique.

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Figure 1
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Reproduced with permission from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) and Lawrence [139]. Based on skin wound area, the wound repair strategy is selectable. Whether printing on wound or printing on a feeder layer and assembling it on wound area is available

Figure 4

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Acknowledgements

A word of appreciation must be given to Aron Munggela Foma for his invaluable assistance and comments on the first phase of paper editing. Also, we are extremely grateful to Mariam Sharifi Sistani for her precision and insightful comments on the second draft edition.

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This study was not funded by any institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Beheshtizadeh, Nasrin Lotfibakhshaiesh, Zahra Pazhouhnia & Mahdieh Hoseinpour

  2. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Masoud Nafari

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  1. Nima Beheshtizadeh
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Beheshtizadeh, N., Lotfibakhshaiesh, N., Pazhouhnia, Z. et al. A review of 3D bio-printing for bone and skin tissue engineering: a commercial approach. J Mater Sci 55, 3729–3749 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04259-0

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