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Progression of cutaneous melanoma: implications for treatment

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An Erratum to this article was published on 03 October 2012

Abstract

The survival rates of melanoma, like any type of cancer, become worse with advancing stage. Spectrum theory is most consistent with the progression of melanoma from the primary site to the in-transit locations, regional or sentinel lymph nodes and beyond to the distant sites. Therefore, early diagnosis and surgical treatment before its spread is the most effective treatment. Recently, new approaches have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. Genomic profiling and sequencing will form the basis for molecular taxonomy for more accurate subgrouping of melanoma patients in the future. New insights of molecular mechanisms of metastasis are summarized in this review article. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has become a standard of care for staging primary melanoma without the need for a more morbid complete regional lymph node dissection. With recent developments in molecular biology and genomics, novel molecular targeted therapy is being developed through clinical trials.

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Acknowledgments by John Kirkwood

The project described was supported by Award Number P50CA121973 from the National Cancer Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment and Department of Surgery, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Stanley P. L. Leong

  2. Center for Melanoma Oncology, Dana Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Martin C. Mihm Jr. & George F. Murphy

  3. John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA

    Dave S. B. Hoon

  4. Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. Luke’s University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA

    Sanjiv S. Agarwala

  5. Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA

    Jonathan S. Zager & Vernon K. Sondak

  6. Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Axel Hauschild

  7. AIM at Melanoma Foundation, Richmond, CA, USA

    Valerie Guild

  8. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    John M. Kirkwood

  9. Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center, Sutter Pacific Medical Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Stanley P. L. Leong & Mohammed Kashani-Sabet

  10. California Pacific Medical Center, 2340 Clay Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA

    Stanley P. L. Leong

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  1. Stanley P. L. Leong
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Correspondence to Stanley P. L. Leong.

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Leong, S.P.L., Mihm, M.C., Murphy, G.F. et al. Progression of cutaneous melanoma: implications for treatment. Clin Exp Metastasis 29, 775–796 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-012-9521-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-012-9521-1

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