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Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer

  • Epidemiology
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An Erratum to this article was published on 24 October 2007

Abstract

Risk factors for the newly identified “intrinsic” breast cancer subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, basal-like and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive/estrogen receptor-negative) were determined in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case–control study of African-American and white women. Immunohistochemical markers were used to subtype 1,424 cases of invasive and in situ breast cancer, and case subtypes were compared to 2,022 controls. Luminal A, the most common subtype, exhibited risk factors typically reported for breast cancer in previous studies, including inverse associations for increased parity and younger age at first full-term pregnancy. Basal-like cases exhibited several associations that were opposite to those observed for luminal A, including increased risk for parity and younger age at first term full-term pregnancy. Longer duration breastfeeding, increasing number of children breastfed, and increasing number of months breastfeeding per child were each associated with reduced risk of basal-like breast cancer, but not luminal A. Women with multiple live births who did not breastfeed and women who used medications to suppress lactation were at increased risk of basal-like, but not luminal A, breast cancer. Elevated waist-hip ratio was associated with increased risk of luminal A in postmenopausal women, and increased risk of basal-like breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women. The prevalence of basal-like breast cancer was highest among premenopausal African-American women, who also showed the highest prevalence of basal-like risk factors. Among younger African-American women, we estimate that up to 68% of basal-like breast cancer could be prevented by promoting breastfeeding and reducing abdominal adiposity.

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Acknowledgments

The work was funded by the Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer at UNC (NIH/NCI P50-CA58223) and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Grant (P30-CA16086). CMP was supported by NCI R01-CA101227, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the V Foundation for Cancer Research. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance and support of the Immunohistochemistry Core Facility at UNC directed by Dr. Lynn G. Dressler and David Cowan. The authors wish to thank participants in the National Breast Cancer Coalition Advocacy Conference, April 2007, for comments on the results of this study. The authors also thank Drs. Christine Friedenreich and Giske Ursin for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, CB #7435, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA

    Robert C. Millikan, Chiu-Kit Tse, Kathleen Conway, Jeannette T. Bensen, Susan Jackson & Sarah Nyante

  2. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Robert C. Millikan, Kathleen Conway, Jeannette T. Bensen, Susan Jackson, H. Shelton Earp & Charles M. Perou

  3. School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia

    Beth Newman

  4. Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Patricia G. Moorman

  5. Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Department of Public Health, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Lisa V. Smith

  6. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Lisa V. Smith

  7. Center for Infant and Young Child Feeding and Care, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Miriam H. Labbok

  8. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Joseph Geradts

  9. Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Chad Livasy

  10. Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Lisa Carey

  11. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Charles M. Perou

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  1. Robert C. Millikan
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Correspondence to Robert C. Millikan.

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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-007-9790-6

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Millikan, R.C., Newman, B., Tse, CK. et al. Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 109, 123–139 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-007-9632-6

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