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Mitochondrial dynamics during cell cycling

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Abstract

Mitochondria are the cell’s power plant that must be in a proper functional state in order to produce the energy necessary for basic cellular functions, such as proliferation. Mitochondria are ‘dynamic’ in that they are constantly undergoing fission and fusion to remain in a functional state throughout the cell cycle, as well as during other vital processes such as energy supply, cellular respiration and programmed cell death. The mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery is involved in generating young mitochondria, while eliminating old, damaged and non-repairable ones. As a result, the organelles change in shape, size and number throughout the cell cycle. Such precise and accurate balance is maintained by the cytoskeletal transporting system via microtubules, which deliver the mitochondrion from one location to another. During the gap phases G1 and G2, mitochondria form an interconnected network, whereas in mitosis and S-phase fragmentation of the mitochondrial network will take place. However, such balance is lost during neoplastic transformation and autoimmune disorders. Several proteins, such as Drp1, Fis1, Kif-family proteins, Opa1, Bax and mitofusins change in activity and might link the mitochondrial fission/fusion events with processes such as alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and malignant growth. All this indicates how vital proper functioning of mitochondria is in maintaining cell integrity and preventing carcinogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Prof., Dr. Darrell Mousseau from the Mousseau Lab at the University of Saskatchewan and Dr. Wilma Groening and Dr. Blaine Chartrand from Saskatchewan Polytechnic Instititute for helpful comments and analysis of the paper.

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  1. Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Rostyslav Horbay

  2. Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine

    Rostyslav Bilyy

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Correspondence to Rostyslav Horbay.

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Horbay, R., Bilyy, R. Mitochondrial dynamics during cell cycling. Apoptosis 21, 1327–1335 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-016-1295-5

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