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Is the function of alveolar macrophages altered following blunt chest trauma?

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to characterize the local pulmonary inflammatory environment and to elucidate alterations of alveolar macrophage (AMØ) functions after blunt chest trauma.

Methods

Wistar rats were subjected to blunt chest trauma. AMØ were isolated, stimulated, and cultured. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected. Cytokines/chemokines were quantified in the BAL and in AMØ supernatants via ELISA. AMØ phagocytic and chemotactic activity and respiratory burst capacity were assessed.

Results

Following chest trauma, a significant increase of IL-1β (at 6 and 24 h) and IL-6 (at 24 h) in BAL was observed, whereas IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations were not altered. MIP-2 and CINC were substantially increased as early as 6 h and PGE2 early at 10 min, whereas BAL MCP-1 was not elevated until 24 h after trauma. MIP-2 release by AMØ isolated form trauma animals was markedly increased as early as 10 min after injury. IL-1β and IL-10 exhibited a late increase at 24 h. AMØ TNF-α release was increased at 6 h. At 6 or 24 h, AMØ from trauma animals incorporated significantly more opsonized latex beads than their sham controls, and their chemotactic activity was substantially enhanced at 24 h. AMØ oxidative burst capacity remained largely unchanged.

Conclusions

Already very early after chest trauma, inflammatory mediators are present in the intraalveolar compartment. Additionally, AMØ are primed to release cytokines and chemokines. Blunt chest trauma also changes the phagocytic and chemotactic activity of AMØ. These functional changes of AMØ might enable them to better ward off potential pathogens in the course after trauma.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Sonja Braumüller for excellent technical assistance during the experimental procedures and data acquisition.

Authors’ Contributions

Study conception and design: Ulrich C. Liener, Mario Perl, Markus W. Knöferl, Uwe B. Brückner, Florian Gebhard, Markus S. Huber-Lang

Acquisition of data: Ulrich C. Liener, Mario Perl

Analysis and interpretation of data: Ulrich C. Liener, Mario Perl, Markus W. Knöferl, Uwe B. Brückner, Florian Gebhard, Markus S. Huber-Lang

Drafting of manuscript: Ulrich C. Liener, Mario Perl, Markus W. Knöferl, Daniel H. Seitz

Critical revision of manuscript: Ulrich C. Liener, Mario Perl, Markus W. Knöferl, Daniel H. Seitz, Uwe B. Brückner, Florian Gebhard, Markus S. Huber-Lang

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm - Surgical Center, Steinhövelstraße 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany

    Ulrich C. Liener, Mario Perl, Markus S. Huber-Lang, Daniel H. Seitz, Florian Gebhard & Markus W. Knöferl

  2. Division of Surgical Research, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, 89070, Ulm, Germany

    Uwe B. Brückner

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  1. Ulrich C. Liener
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario Perl.

Additional information

Ulrich C. Liener and Mario Perl contributed equally to the manuscript.

This study was supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) to UCL and FG (GE 1105/1-1) to MP (PE-908/2-1) and MWK (KN 475/5-1, DFG KFO-200).

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Liener, U.C., Perl, M., Huber-Lang, M.S. et al. Is the function of alveolar macrophages altered following blunt chest trauma?. Langenbecks Arch Surg 396, 251–259 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-010-0645-y

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