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Bedeutung des zirkadianen Schlafrhythmus für den Energiestoffwechsel

Importance of sleep and circadian rhythm for energy metabolism

  • Schwerpunkt: Stoffwechselerkrankungen
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Die zirkadiane Uhr ist ein hoch spezialisierter Taktgeber des menschlichen Organismus und stellt einen essenziellen Bestandteil eines gesunden Stoffwechsels dar. Der intrinsische zirkadiane Rhythmus kann unter anderem durch exogene Faktoren wie Licht/Dunkelheit, Verhaltensmuster, körperliche Aktivität, Essgewohnheiten und Schlafmangel bzw. Schlafstörungen moduliert werden. Zudem kann eine veränderte Expression von Uhrengenen, beispielsweise von PERIOD 1 und 2, die innere Rhythmik beeinflussen. Veränderungen der zirkadianen Rhythmik werden mit einer Vielzahl an psychischen und physischen Erkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Aktuelle Studien belegen, dass vor allem quantitative und qualitative Veränderungen des Schlafrhythmus signifikant mit einer erhöhten Prävalenz von Adipositas einhergehen. Zudem können eine eingeschränkte Schlafdauer und -qualität eine verminderte Glukosetoleranz und Insulinsensitivität bewirken und damit ein erhöhtes Diabetesrisiko mit sich bringen. Neben den Kernkomponenten des metabolischen Syndroms zeigen sich Veränderungen hormoneller und neuronaler Signalwege, die erheblich unseren Energiestoffwechsel beeinflussen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit bietet einen Überblick über die aktuelle Studienlage und beschreibt den Zusammenhang zwischen zirkadianen Rhythmen, Schlaf und menschlichem Stoffwechsel.

Abstract

The circadian clock is a complex and highly specialized network of the human organism and is key for metabolic health. Circadian rhythms are modulated by behavioral patterns, physical activity, food intake as well as sleep loss and sleep disorders. Furthermore, an altered expression of clock genes (e. g. PERIOD1 and 2) can alter circadian rhythms. Chronodisruption, i. e. the alteration of circadian rhythms, is associated with a variety of mental and physical illnesses. Recent studies show a significant association between quantitative and qualitative sleep rhythm disturbances and an increasing prevalence of obesity. Furthermore, reduced sleep quality and duration lead to decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, thus increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In addition to the core components of the metabolic syndrome, there are also changes in hormonal and neuronal signaling pathways impinging on human energy metabolism. This review provides an overview of the current literature highlighting the close link between circadian rhythms and human energy metabolism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland

    S. Meyhöfer,  B. Wilms &  S. M. Schmid

  2. Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Deutschland

    S. Meyhöfer,  B. Wilms &  S. M. Schmid

  3. Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland

    H. Oster

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  1. S. Meyhöfer
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  2. B. Wilms
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  4. S. M. Schmid
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Correspondence to S. M. Schmid.

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Interessenkonflikt

S. Meyhöfer, B. Wilms, H. Oster und S.M. Schmid geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die im Beitrag zitierten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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H. Lehnert, Lübeck

C.C. Sieber, Nürnberg

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Meyhöfer, S., Wilms, B., Oster, H. et al. Bedeutung des zirkadianen Schlafrhythmus für den Energiestoffwechsel. Internist 60, 122–127 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-018-0543-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-018-0543-x

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