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Muscle Changes During Atrophy

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Muscle Atrophy

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1088))

Abstract

Muscle atrophy typically is a direct effect of protein degradation induced by a diversity of pathophysiologic states such as disuse, immobilization, denervation, aging, sepsis, cachexia, glucocorticoid treatment, hereditary muscular disorders, cancer, diabetes and obesity, kidney and heart failure, and others. Muscle atrophy is defined by changes in the muscles, consisting in shrinkage of myofibers, changes in the types of fiber and myosin isoforms, and a net loss of cytoplasm, organelles and overall a protein loss. Although in the literature there are extensive studies in a range of animal models, the paucity of human data is a reality. This chapter is focused on various aspects of muscle wasting and describes the transitions of myofiber types during the progression of muscle atrophy in several pathological states. Clinical conditions associated with muscle atrophy have been grouped based on the fast-to-slow or slow-to-fast fiber-type shifts. We have also summarized the ultrastructural and histochemical features characteristic for muscle atrophy in clinical and experimental models for aging, cancer, diabetes and obesity, and heart failure and arrhythmia.

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Acknowledgments

BM Radu is currently funded from Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014–2020 project P_37_675 (contract no. 146/2016), Priority Axis 1, Action 1.1.4, co-financed by the European Funds for Regional Development and Romanian Government funds. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official position of the European Union or Romanian Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

    Adrian Dumitru

  2. Faculty of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    Beatrice Mihaela Radu

  3. Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania

    Beatrice Mihaela Radu

  4. Department of Life & Environmental Physics, ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania

    Mihai Radu

  5. Division of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Sanda Maria Cretoiu

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  1. Adrian Dumitru
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  2. Beatrice Mihaela Radu
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  4. Sanda Maria Cretoiu
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Correspondence to Sanda Maria Cretoiu .

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  1. Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

    Junjie Xiao

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Dumitru, A., Radu, B.M., Radu, M., Cretoiu, S.M. (2018). Muscle Changes During Atrophy. In: Xiao, J. (eds) Muscle Atrophy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1088. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_4

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