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Regulation of Translation Initiation by Amino Acids in Eukaryotic Cells

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Signaling Pathways for Translation

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 26))

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Abstract

Deprivation of anyone of the essential amino acids results in a reduction in the rate of protein synthesis in a variety of cell types. Because amino acids serve as precursors in the synthesis of protein, it might logically be expected that lack of essential amino acids would restrict protein synthesis through a decrease in the rate of translation elongation. Such an expectation is based on the assumption that deprivation of a single essential amino acid, other than methionine, would cause a fall in the amount of the immediate precursor of protein synthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA, that in turn would result in a decline in the rate at which the growing peptide chain is elongated. However, instead of a restriction at the elongation step, the initiation phase of mRNA translation has been shown to be rate controlling under conditions of amino acid limitation. The goal of the present report is to review the mechanisms that are responsible for the inhibition of translation initiation caused by amino acid deprivation and examine possible sensors through which the deprivation is detected and transduced to the translational apparatus

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  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA

    Scot R. Kimball

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA

    Robert E. Rhoads

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Kimball, S.R. (2001). Regulation of Translation Initiation by Amino Acids in Eukaryotic Cells. In: Rhoads, R.E. (eds) Signaling Pathways for Translation. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 26. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56688-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56688-2_6

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