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Autophagy and Aging

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Longevity Genes

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 847))

Abstract

Autophagy is a critical quality control pathway that is conserved across diverse systems ranging from simple unicellular organisms like yeast to more complex systems, for instance mammals. Although, the fundamental role of autophagy is to maintain cellular quality control through lysosomal degradation of unwanted proteins and organelles, recent studies have mapped several new functions of this pathway that range from fuel utilization, cellular differentiation to protection against cell death. Given the importance of this pathway in maintaining cellular homeostasis, it has been considered that compromised autophagy could contribute to several of the commonly observed age-associated pathologies including neurodegeneration, reduction of muscle mass, cardiac malfunction, excessive lipid accumulation in tissues and glucose intolerance. The present chapter describes the two best-characterized autophagy pathways—macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and discusses how changes in these pathways associate with age-associated disorders. Understanding how to maintain “clean cells” by activation of autophagy could be an attractive strategy to maintain healthspan in aged individuals.

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Acknowledgements

We thankfully acknowledge NIH grants, DK087776 and AG043517, and an Ellison Medical Foundation award to RS. DA is supported by training grants 5T32GM728837 and T32GM007288. We thank Dr. Susmita Kaushik for assisting with designs of the models in Figs. 3.1 and 3.2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA

    Nuria Martinez-Lopez & Diana Athonvarangkul

  2. Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), and Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 505D, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA

    Rajat Singh MD, MBBS

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  1. Nuria Martinez-Lopez
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  2. Diana Athonvarangkul
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  3. Rajat Singh MD, MBBS
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Correspondence to Rajat Singh MD, MBBS .

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  1. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

    Gil Atzmon, PhD

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Martinez-Lopez, N., Athonvarangkul, D., Singh, R. (2015). Autophagy and Aging. In: Atzmon, PhD, G. (eds) Longevity Genes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 847. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2404-2_3

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