Abstract
Enteroviruses (members of the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae) have a positive-sense RNA genome enclosed in a naked, icosahedral capsid. They include notable pathogens such as poliovirus, which causes poliomyelitis, and rhinoviruses, the major cause of the common cold. Over 250 enterovirus serotypes capable of infecting humans have been identified. One Enterovirus species, Human enterovirus B, has for a long time been implicated in causing type 1 diabetes. These viruses use a range of cell receptors and similar viruses sometimes use quite different receptors. They also exhibit the ability to adapt to different receptors. Infection causes profound changes to cell processes, antivirus defence mechanisms and cell ultrastructure, usually leading to cell death. The flexibility in receptor usage and changes induced in the infected cell may well underpin the ability of these viruses to target and damage or kill the specific cells involved in type 1 diabetes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander DA, Dimock K (2002) Sialic acid functions in enterovirus 70 binding and infection. J Virol 76:11265–11272
Choe SS, Dodd DA, Kirkegaard K (2005) Inhibition of cellular protein secretion by picornaviral 3A proteins. Virology 337:18–29
Coyne CB, Bergelson JM (2006) Virus-induced Abl and Fyn kinase signals permit coxsackievirus entry through epithelial tight junctions. Cell 124:119–131
Goodfellow I, Chaudhry Y, Richardson A, Meredith J, Almond JW, Barclay W, Evans DJ (2000) Identification of a cis-acting replication element within the poliovirus coding region. J Virol 74:4590–4600
Goodfellow IG, Sioofy AB, Powell RM, Evans DJ (2001) Echoviruses bind heparan sulfate at the cell surface. J Virol 75:4918–4921
Harris JR, Racaniello VR (2005) Amino acid changes in proteins 2B and 3A mediate rhinovirus type 39 growth in mouse cells. J Virol 79:5363–5373
Karttunen A, Pöyry T, Vaarala O, Ilonen J, Hovi T, Roivainen M, Hyypiä T (2003) Variation in enterovirus receptor genes. J Med Virol 70:99–108
Katpally U, Smith TJ (2007) Pocket factors are unlikely to play a major role in the life cycle of human rhinovirus. J Virol 81:6307–6315
Knowles NJ (2011) Picornavirus home page. http://www.picornaviridae.com/. Accessed 2 Jan 2012
Lin J-Y, Chen T-C, Weng K-F, Chang S-C, Chen L-L, Shih S-R (2009) Viral and host proteins involved in picornavirus life cycle. J Biomed Sci 16:103
Macadam AJ, Ferguson G, Stone DM, Meredith J, Knowlson S, Auda G, Almond JW, Minor PD (2006) Rational design of genetically stable, live-attenuated poliovirus vaccines of all three serotypes: relevance to poliomyelitis eradication. J Virol 80:8653–8663
Mercer J, Schelhaas M, Helenius A (2010) Virus entry by endocytosis. Annu Rev Biochem 79:803–833
Rossmann MG, He Y, Kuhn RJ (2002) Picornavirus-receptor interactions. Trends Microbiol 10:324–331
Sarnow P (2003) Viral Internal Ribosome Entry Site elements: novel ribosome-RNA complexes and roles in viral pathogenesis. J Virol 77:2801–2806
Stanway G, Brown F, Christian P, Hovi T, Hyypiä T, King AMQ, Knowles NJ, Lemon SM, Minor PD, Pallansch MA, Palmenberg AC, Skern T (2004) Picornaviridae. In: Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Balleditors LA (eds) Virus taxonomy, VIIIth report of the ICTV. Elsevier/Academic, London, pp p757–778
Steil BP, Barton DJ (2009) Cis-active RNA elements (CREs) and picornavirus RNA replication. Virus Res 139:240–252
Tuthill TJ, Groppelli E, Hogle JM, Rowlands DJ (2011) Picornaviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 343:43–89
Whitton JL, Cornell CT, Feuer R (2005) Host and virus determinants of picornavirus pathogenesis and tropism. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:765–776
Witwer C, Rauscher S, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF (2001) Conserved RNA secondary structures in Picornaviridae genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 29:5079–5089
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stanway, G. (2013). Molecular Biology and Classification of Enteroviruses. In: Taylor, K., Hyöty, H., Toniolo, A., Zuckerman, A. (eds) Diabetes and Viruses. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4051-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4051-2_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4050-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4051-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)