Europe has ambitious laws and policies to protect air and water, to promote the circular economy, prevent waste generation, raise recycling rates, and safeguard nature. Implementation is key to achieving environmental objectives, and meeting obligations as defined by the EU environmental legislation. In 2016, the Commission undertook to report regularly on the state of the implementation of EU environmental legislation. It launched the Environmental Implementation Review (EIR), a tool that helps Member States address systemic obstacles to environmental integration by identifying the causes behind poor implementation and by sharing good practices through peer-to-peer support. This factsheet summarises the progress achieved and the remaining challenges identified for Cyprus in the third EIR package published in September 2022. Cyprus has a high level of natural capital, with a significant number of protected nature areas. The rich marine environment is a pillar of tourism and should be better protected. The high population density exerts considerable environmental pressure and land-use change. Invasive species, illegal hunting, long periods of drought and forest fires are substantial threats.