Cookie notice

Who we are

The pages on the website (“the Website”) are published by Investis Digital (“Investis”), a company registered in England and Wales with company registration number 03930926, whose registered address is at 24 Fashion Street, London E1 6PX, on behalf of RELX Group plc, a company registered in England with company registration number 2746616, whose registered address is at 1-3 Strand, London WC2N 5JR (“RELX”).

What are cookies?

A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that is sent to your browser and stored on your device. Cookies may be used for the purposes described below.

Types of cookies used

Investis uses the following cookies:

  • Strictly necessary cookies. These cookies are required for the operation of the Website and cannot be declined. They include cookies used for load balancing and security to help protect you as you interact with the Website.
  • Performance cookies. These cookies count the number of visitors to the Website and gather other usage statistics. This helps us to analyse and improve the way the Website works, for example, by ensuring that users are finding what they are looking for easily.

Cookies information

Name Description Category Expiry
ASP.NET_SessionId ASP.Net_SessionId is a Microsoft cookie which is used to identify the users session on the server. The session is an area on the server which can be used to store data in between HTTP requests. ASP.NET_SessionId is created by the webserver when the session starts so in the next requests, the Request Header has that ASP.NET_SessionId and it is the same as the Response Header. This ASP.NET_SessionId will be used to identify the specific user session and ensures that this request is from the same client that created the previous request. Strictly necessary End of browser session
AWSALBCORS AWS Application Load Balancer Cookie: This cookie is managed by AWS and is used for load balancing as well. With cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) requests, some browsers require SameSite=None; Secure to enable stickiness. In this case, the load balancer generates a second stickiness cookie, AWSALBCORS, which includes the same information as the original stickiness cookie, AWSALB, plus the SameSite attribute. Clients receive both cookies. Strictly necessary 7 Days
AWSALB AWS Application Load Balancer Cookie: This cookie is used to introduce stickiness across the session. Used to map the session to the instance. When the load balancer (the server) first receives a request from a client, it routes the request to a target, generating this encrypted cookie that encodes information about the selected target, and includes it in the response to the client. Also, it registers which server cluster is serving the visitor, and this is used in context with load balancing to optimize the user experience. Strictly necessary 7 Days
AWSELBCORS AWS Application Load Balancer Cookie: This load-balancing cookie is managed by AWS and is for sticky sessions associated with cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) requests. With CORS requests, some browsers require SameSite=None; Secure to enable stickiness. In this case, the elastic load balancer generates a second stickiness cookie, AWSELBCORS, which includes the same information as the original stickiness cookie, AWSELB, plus the SameSite attribute. Clients receive both cookies in response. Strictly necessary End of browser session
AWSELB AWS Classic Elastic Load Balancer Cookie: This AWS cookie is used to map the session to the instance and enables "sticky sessions". AWSELB is assigned if your application manages its own session. The lifetime of the special Elastic Load Balancing cookie, AWSELB, follows the lifetime of the application-generated cookie specified in the policy configuration. The AWS load balancer only inserts this new stickiness cookie when the application response includes a new application cookie. Strictly necessary End of browser session
AWSALBTGCORS AWS Application Load Balancer Cookie: This load-balancing cookie is managed by AWS and is for Weighted Target Groups associated with cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) requests. With CORS requests, some browsers require SameSite=None; Secure to enable stickiness. In this case, the elastic load balancer generates a second stickiness cookie, AWSALBCORS, which includes the same information as the original stickiness cookie, AWSALBTG, plus the SameSite attribute. Clients receive both cookies in response. Strictly necessary 7 Days
AWSALBTG AWS Application Load Balancer Cookie: The ASWALBTG cookie is a load balancer-generated cookie for Weighted Target Groups. It is used to honor sticky sessions and enable target group stickiness. When the load balancer first routes a request to a weighted target group, it generates an encrypted cookie named AWSALBTG that encodes information about the selected target group and includes the cookie in the response to the client. When the load balancer receives a request from the same client that matches a rule with target group stickiness enabled and contains the cookie, the request is routed to the target group specified in the cookie. Strictly necessary 7 Days
__cf_bm Cloudflare places the __cf_bm cookie on the devices of their customers' end users when they visit their sites that are using Cloudflare Bot Management. This cookie supports Cloudflare Bot Management by managing incoming traffic that matches the criteria associated with bots. The cookie does not collect any personal data, and any information collected is subject to one-way encryption. This encrypted file contains Cloudflare’s proprietary bot score and helps manage incoming traffic that matches specific criteria. Strictly necessary End of browser session
__CookieConsentV300 A JavaScript plugin that alerts users of the use of cookies on this website. Strictly necessary 180 Days
www.relx.com#lang Remembers the user's selected language version of a web site. Strictly necessary End of browser session
_gid A Google Universal Analytics cookie as of Spring 2017, store and update a unique value for each page visited. It stores information of how visitors use a website by allocating unique IDs but in an anonymous form, and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visited in an anonymous form. Performance Cookie 1 Minute
_gat This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, and it is used to throttle the request rate-limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. Performance Cookie 1 Minute
_ga This cookie is associated with Google Universal Analytics and is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session, and campaign data for the site's analytics reports. By default, it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customizable by website owners. Performance Cookie 720/730 Days
_ga_HDM6BN56JZ,
_ga_VW1YYLKJ60
Used to persist session state, these Google Analytics 360 cookies are used to collect information and compile reports about how visitors use the site and to help improve the site. These cookies collect information in an anonymous form, including the number of visitors to the site, where visitors have come to the site from and the pages they visited. These cookies use a unique identifier for tracking purposes. Performance Cookie 720 Days
_gat_UA-88442839-1 This is a pattern type cookie set by Google Analytics, where the pattern element on the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. It appears to be a variation of the _gat cookie which is used to limit the amount of data recorded by Google on high traffic volume websites. Performance Cookie End of browser session
_gat_INVDSitecore This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics and is placed by Investis Digital's Sitecore platform on which this website is built. It is used to throttle the request rate-limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. Performance Cookie 1 Minute
_lfa Used in context with identifying company visitors to the website. The Leadfeeder cookie collects the behavioral data of all visitors from companies. The cookie registers data such as IP addresses, visitor sources, time spent on the website, and page requests for the visit. Data is processed where it pertains to company visitors and is not processed further for individual visitors. Performance Cookie 720 Days
_gat_shorthand This cookie is used on stories.relx.com website.
Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate (limit the collection of data on high traffic sites)
Performance Cookie 1 hour

Google Analytics

The Website uses Google Analytics, a web analytics service provided by Google LLC. For more information about how Google Analytics collects and uses data when you use the Website, visit www.google.com/policies/privacy/partners. The Website also uses tags or similar technologies from Google Analytics to compile aggregated Website traffic analysis without the use of cookies. To opt out of having your site activity available to Google Analytics, visit https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout.

How to control cookies

You may refuse the use of cookies by selecting the appropriate settings in your browser.

However, if you choose to block or delete cookies, you may lose some useful functionality. You may also manage your choices of cookies that are not strictly necessary to provide the Website by clicking the cookie preference tool on the Website.

Note: To add/edit documents/links, please navigate through the Advanced Editing visible in the ribbon at the top.