Fungal Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients

doi:10.3390/jof7070524

Review

. 2021 Jun 29;7(7):524.

doi: 10.3390/jof7070524.

Fungal Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients

Michael Scolarici¹, Margaret Jorgenson², Christopher Saddler¹, Jeannina Smith¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
² Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.

PMID: 34210106
PMCID: PMC8304186
DOI: 10.3390/jof7070524

Review

Fungal Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients

Michael Scolarici et al. J Fungi (Basel). 2021.

. 2021 Jun 29;7(7):524.

doi: 10.3390/jof7070524.

Authors

Michael Scolarici¹, Margaret Jorgenson², Christopher Saddler¹, Jeannina Smith¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
² Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.

PMID: 34210106
PMCID: PMC8304186
DOI: 10.3390/jof7070524

Abstract

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are one of the most feared complications associated with liver transplantation, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We discuss the most common invasive fungal infections in the setting of liver transplant, including Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcal infections, and some less frequent but devastating mold infections. Further, we evaluate the use of prophylaxis to prevent invasive fungal infection in this population as a promising mechanism to reduce risks to patients after liver transplant.

Keywords: Aspergillus; candidiasis; cryptococcosis; invasive fungal infection; liver transplant.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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References

1. Biancofiore G., Bindi M.L., Baldassarri R., Romanelli A.M., Catalano G., Filipponi F., Vagelli A., Mosca F. Antifungal prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Transpl. Int. 2002;15:341–347. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2002.tb00176.x. - DOI - PubMed
1. Singh N., Avery R.K., Munoz P., Pruett T.L., Alexander B., Jacobs R., Tollemar J.G., Dominguez E.A., Yu C.M., Paterson D.L., et al. Trends in Risk Profiles for and Mortality Associated with Invasive Aspergillosis among Liver Transplant Recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2003;36:46–52. doi: 10.1086/345441. - DOI - PubMed
1. Lahmer T., Messer M., Schwerdtfeger C., Rasch S., Lee M., Saugel B., Schmid R.M., Huber W. Invasive Mycosis in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. Mycopathologia. 2014;177:193–197. doi: 10.1007/s11046-014-9740-x. - DOI - PubMed
1. Singh N., Husain S., de Vera M., Gayowski T., Cacciarelli T.V. Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Patients with Cirrhosis, Including Liver Transplant Candidates. Medicine. 2004;83:188–192. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000126760.45299.69. - DOI - PubMed
1. Singh N., Wagener M.M., Marino I.R., Gayowski T. Trends in invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients: Correlation with evolution in transplantation practices. Transplantation. 2002;73:63–67. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200201150-00011. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Biancofiore G., Bindi M.L., Baldassarri R., Romanelli A.M., Catalano G., Filipponi F., Vagelli A., Mosca F. Antifungal prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Transpl. Int. 2002;15:341–347. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2002.tb00176.x. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Biancofiore G., Bindi M.L., Baldassarri R., Romanelli A.M., Catalano G., Filipponi F., Vagelli A., Mosca F. Antifungal prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Transpl. Int. 2002;15:341–347. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2002.tb00176.x. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Singh N., Avery R.K., Munoz P., Pruett T.L., Alexander B., Jacobs R., Tollemar J.G., Dominguez E.A., Yu C.M., Paterson D.L., et al. Trends in Risk Profiles for and Mortality Associated with Invasive Aspergillosis among Liver Transplant Recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2003;36:46–52. doi: 10.1086/345441. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Singh N., Avery R.K., Munoz P., Pruett T.L., Alexander B., Jacobs R., Tollemar J.G., Dominguez E.A., Yu C.M., Paterson D.L., et al. Trends in Risk Profiles for and Mortality Associated with Invasive Aspergillosis among Liver Transplant Recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2003;36:46–52. doi: 10.1086/345441. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Lahmer T., Messer M., Schwerdtfeger C., Rasch S., Lee M., Saugel B., Schmid R.M., Huber W. Invasive Mycosis in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. Mycopathologia. 2014;177:193–197. doi: 10.1007/s11046-014-9740-x. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Lahmer T., Messer M., Schwerdtfeger C., Rasch S., Lee M., Saugel B., Schmid R.M., Huber W. Invasive Mycosis in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. Mycopathologia. 2014;177:193–197. doi: 10.1007/s11046-014-9740-x. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Singh N., Husain S., de Vera M., Gayowski T., Cacciarelli T.V. Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Patients with Cirrhosis, Including Liver Transplant Candidates. Medicine. 2004;83:188–192. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000126760.45299.69. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Singh N., Husain S., de Vera M., Gayowski T., Cacciarelli T.V. Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Patients with Cirrhosis, Including Liver Transplant Candidates. Medicine. 2004;83:188–192. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000126760.45299.69. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Singh N., Wagener M.M., Marino I.R., Gayowski T. Trends in invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients: Correlation with evolution in transplantation practices. Transplantation. 2002;73:63–67. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200201150-00011. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Singh N., Wagener M.M., Marino I.R., Gayowski T. Trends in invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients: Correlation with evolution in transplantation practices. Transplantation. 2002;73:63–67. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200201150-00011. - DOI - PubMed

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Fungal Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients

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Fungal Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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