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Review
. 2018 Mar 21;19(4):928.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19040928.

Sirtuins as Mediator of the Anti-Ageing Effects of Calorie Restriction in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Alberto Zullo  1   2 , Emanuela Simone  3 , Maddalena Grimaldi  4 , Vincenzina Musto  5 , Francesco Paolo Mancini  6
Affiliations
Review

Sirtuins as Mediator of the Anti-Ageing Effects of Calorie Restriction in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Alberto Zullo et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Fighting diseases and controlling the signs of ageing are the major goals of biomedicine. Sirtuins, enzymes with mainly deacetylating activity, could be pivotal targets of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to reach such aims. Scientific proofs are accumulating in experimental models, but, to a minor extent, also in humans, that the ancient practice of calorie restriction could prove an effective way to prevent several degenerative diseases and to postpone the detrimental signs of ageing. In the present review, we summarize the evidence about the central role of sirtuins in mediating the beneficial effects of calorie restriction in skeletal and cardiac muscle since these tissues are greatly damaged by diseases and advancing years. Moreover, we entertain the possibility that the identification of sirtuin activators that mimic calorie restriction could provide the benefits without the inconvenience of this dietary style.

Keywords: ageing; calorie restriction; cardiac muscle; nutrient deprivation; sirtuins; skeletal muscle.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Molecular mechanisms underlying the sirtuin-mediated anti-ageing effects of Calorie Restriction in cardiac and skeletal muscle. CR can modulate sirtuin activity in different cell compartments, either cytoplasm, or mitochondria, or nucleus. Abbreviations: CR, calorie restriction; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; AKT, protein kinase B; TOR, target of rapamycin; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FOXO, forkhead box O transcription factor; GLUT-4, glucose transporter type 4; PEPCK1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; PGC1α, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α; IR, insulin receptor; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor1; IGFR, insulin-like growth factor receptor.
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