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Review
. 2020 May 26:11:757.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00757. eCollection 2020.

The Bone Extracellular Matrix in Bone Formation and Regeneration

Xiao Lin  1 , Suryaji Patil  1 , Yong-Guang Gao  1 , Airong Qian  1
Affiliations
Review

The Bone Extracellular Matrix in Bone Formation and Regeneration

Xiao Lin et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Bone regeneration repairs bone tissue lost due to trauma, fractures, and tumors, or absent due to congenital disorders. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate dynamic bio-environment with precisely regulated mechanical and biochemical properties. In bone, ECMs are involved in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and responses to growth factors, differentiation, and ultimately, the functional characteristics of the mature bone. Bone ECM can induce the production of new bone by osteoblast-lineage cells, such as MSCs, osteoblasts, and osteocytes and the absorption of bone by osteoclasts. With the rapid development of bone regenerative medicine, the osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic potential of ECM-based scaffolds has attracted increasing attention. ECM-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering can be divided into two types, that is, ECM-modified biomaterial scaffold and decellularized ECM scaffold. Tissue engineering strategies that utilize the functional ECM are superior at guiding the formation of specific tissues at the implantation site. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of various types of bone ECMs in bone tissue and their regulation roles in the behaviors of osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclasts. We also summarize the application of bone ECM in bone repair and regeneration. A better understanding of the role of bone ECM in guiding cellular behavior and tissue function is essential for its future applications in bone repair and regenerative medicine.

Keywords: ECM; bone cells; bone formation; bone repair; bone tissue engineering.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic preparation of ECM-based scaffold in bone regeneration. (A) ECM-modified biomaterials scaffold. Different components and contents of ECM modified with biomaterial-based scaffold, and further modified with stem cells and structure processing to mimic the natural biomaterials. (B) decellularized ECM scaffold obtained either from tissue in vivo or cultured cells in vitro by decellularization, which is a promising strategy to induce bone regeneration and has good clinical performance.
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