Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Dec 31:12:11805-11816.
doi: 10.2147/OTT.S231489. eCollection 2019.

miRNAs: A Promising Target in the Chemoresistance of Bladder Cancer

Zhonglin Cai #  1 , Fa Zhang #  2 , Weijie Chen #  3 , Jianzhong Zhang  1 , Hongjun Li  1
Affiliations
Review

miRNAs: A Promising Target in the Chemoresistance of Bladder Cancer

Zhonglin Cai et al. Onco Targets Ther. .

Abstract

Chemotherapy is an important cancer treatment method. Tumor chemotherapy resistance is one of the main factors leading to tumor progression. Like other malignancies, bladder cancer, especially muscle-invasive bladder cancer, is prone to chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, only approximately 50% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer responds to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. miRNAs are a class of small, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, which results in the inhibition of translation or the degradation of mRNA. In the study of miRNAs and cancer, including gastric cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer, it has been found that miRNAs can regulate the expression of genes related to tumor resistance, thereby promoting the progression of tumors. In bladder cancer, miRNAs are also closely related to chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that miRNAs can be a new therapeutic target for the chemotherapy resistance of bladder cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of miRNAs in the chemotherapy resistance of bladder cancer is an important foundation for restoring the chemotherapy sensitivity of bladder cancer and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and patient survival. In this article, we review the role of miRNAs in the development of chemotherapy-resistant bladder cancer and the various resistance mechanisms that involve apoptosis, the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Keywords: biomarkers; bladder cancer; chemoresistant; miRNAs; targeted therapy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
In BCa, these miRNAs are associated with chemoresistance.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PI3K/PIP3 signaling activates Akt signaling via Akt/PDK-1 activation, which results in the downregulation of apoptosis. However, the conversion of PIP2 to PIP3 is reversed by PTEN. In addition, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and its ligand play an essential role in regulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The binding of the ligand to IGF-1R triggers various downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is essential for cell survival. In BCa, these miRNAs regulate the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Figure 3
Figure 3
In BCa, these miRNAs regulate the EMT process.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Ploeg M, Aben KK, Kiemeney LA. The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world. World J Urol. 2009;27(3):289–293. doi:10.1007/s00345-009-0383-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bo J, Yang G, Huo K, et al. microRNA-203 suppresses bladder cancer development by repressing bcl-w expression. FEBS J. 2011;278(5):786–792. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07997.x - DOI - PubMed
    1. Botteman MF, Pashos CL, Redaelli A, et al. The health economics of bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the published literature. Pharmacoeconomics. 2003;21(18):1315–1330. doi:10.1007/BF03262330 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Noguchi S, Mori T, Hoshino Y, et al. MicroRNA-143 functions as a tumor suppressor in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Cancer Lett. 2011;307(2):211–220. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2011.04.005 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Witjes JA, Compérat E, Cowan NC, et al. EAU guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: summary of the 2013 guidelines. Eur Urol. 2014;65(4):778–792. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.11.046 - DOI - PubMed

Grants and funding

This work is supported by the grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81671448).