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Review
. 2019 Mar 7:7:100086.
doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100086. eCollection 2019 Jun.

A one health perspective on dairy production and dairy food safety

Sara N Garcia  1   2 , Bennie I Osburn  2 , James S Cullor  1
Affiliations
Review

A one health perspective on dairy production and dairy food safety

Sara N Garcia et al. One Health. .

Abstract

As the global population approaches 9.7 billion inhabitants by the year 2050, humanity faces enormous challenges to feed, house, and provide basic living requirements for the growing population while preserving the health of wildlife and the ecosystem. Dairy source foods play an important part in providing nutrient and energy dense sources of calories and establishing Bifidobacterium as a keystone species in the gut for positive health outcomes in infants and children. In developed countries, dairy products have a high food safety record when pasteurized and properly processed. However, when milk is consumed unpasteurized, as often occurs in developing countries where regulation and oversight of the dairy industry is lacking, dairy can serve as a vector for zoonotic transmission of disease and can contain adulterants such as antibiotic residues. Here we provide an overview for the importance of dairy source foods for nutrition and with a One Health perspective and discuss the historical events that have resulted in a high standard of dairy food safety in the United States. This review article covers the Origins of One Health, the role of milk in transmission of disease, management practices and regulations to ensure safe dairy products reach consumers, current challenges facing the dairy industry and impacts on public health, and how these standards can be employed in low and middle income countries to improve public health, nutrition and economic benefits to farmers.

Keywords: Dairy; Dairy production medicine; Food safety; One health; Public health.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
One Medicine. Dr. Charles Schwabe described his vision of “One Medicine” in his textbook Veterinary Medicine and Human Health. This text details the role of human medical practitioners, animal medical practitioners and scientists in interdisciplinary scientific research to advance the health of humans, animals and the ecosystem for the benefit of all. This framework establishes that public health cannot improve without clean water, sanitary food and hygienic living conditions.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A One Health Approach to Dairy Production Medicine. This approach to dairy production considers the impact of products entering and leaving the dairy farm on health status of the larger network and downstream users. Producers maintain high quality production by ensuring feed, water, supplies and protocols used on farm should meet specific standards and understand that food safety begins on the farm.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Dairy Dynamic Management Hierarchy. The DDM Specialist facilitates communication and establishment of DDM practices in conjunction with a scientific consultant and the dairy manager or owner to build a team capable of managing on farm challenges.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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