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. 2019 Feb 27;24(5):844.
doi: 10.3390/molecules24050844.

Antioxidant Activities of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Leaves within Cultivars and Their Phenolic Compounds

Lina Raudone  1   2 , Gabriele Vilkickyte  3 , Lina Pitkauskaite  4 , Raimondas Raudonis  5 , Rimanta Vainoriene  6 , Vida Motiekaityte  7
Affiliations

Antioxidant Activities of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Leaves within Cultivars and Their Phenolic Compounds

Lina Raudone et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Lingonberry leaves are the subject of numerous studies because of antioxidant properties, positive influence on the health and potential use in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. In this work, the radical scavenging, reducing, chelating activities, and phenolic composition of ten lingonberry leaves cultivars, one subspecies, and one variety were investigated. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of individual phenolic compounds, that can be found in lingonberry leaves, were analyzed, and structure-activity relationship was determined. Wide diversity for phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of lingonberry leaves has been observed in the present material. Cultivars 'Kostromskaja rozovaja', 'Rubin', and Vaccinium vitis-idaea var. leucocarpum surpassed all others tested cultivars and lower taxa by contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Leaves of lingonberry cultivars and lower taxa are rich in arbutin, flavonol glycosides, proanthocyanidins, and the latter were considered to be the major contributor to antioxidant properties of lingonberry leaves.

Keywords: HPLC–PDA; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; antioxidant activity; lingonberry; phenolic compounds; structure-activity relationship.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
Cultivation conditions of tested lingonberries (dynamics of meteorological factors).
Figure 1
Figure 1
The radical scavenging activity of different cultivars and lower taxa of lingonberry leaves extracts; bars without the same letters (a, b, c, d) indicate statistically significant differences between the means (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The reducing activity of different cultivars and lower taxa of lingonberry leaves extracts; bars without the same letters (a, b, c, d, f) indicate statistically significant differences between the means (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The chelating activity of different cultivars and lower taxa of lingonberry leaves extracts; bars without the same letters (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) indicate statistically significant differences between the means (p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dendrogram based on the amounts of phenolic compounds of lingonberry cultivars and lower taxa.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The chemical structures of studied phenolic compounds (1–15).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The radical scavenging activity of tested phenolic compounds; bars without the same letters (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) indicate statistically significant differences between the means (p < 0.05).
Figure 7
Figure 7
The reducing activity of tested phenolic compounds; bars without the same letters (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) indicate statistically significant differences between the means (p < 0.05).
Figure 8
Figure 8
The chelating activity of tested phenolic compounds at a concentration of 20 μg/mL; bars without the same letters (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) indicate statistically significant differences between the means (p < 0.05).
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