NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1)-mediated cholesterol export from lysosomes
- PMID: 30710017
- PMCID: PMC6364775
- DOI: 10.1074/jbc.TM118.004165
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1)-mediated cholesterol export from lysosomes
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein particles are taken up by cells and delivered to the lysosome where their cholesterol esters are cleaved off by acid lipase. The released, free cholesterol is then exported from lysosomes for cellular needs or storage. This article summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of cholesterol export from lysosomes. Cholesterol export requires NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) and NPC2, genetic mutations of which can cause Niemann-Pick type C disease, a disorder characterized by massive lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Analysis of the NPC1 and NPC2 structures and biochemical properties, together with new structures of the related Patched (PTCH) protein, provides new clues to the mechanisms by which NPC proteins may function.
Keywords: Hedgehog; NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter; NPC1; NPC2; Niemann-Pick C disease; Patched; cholesterol; cholesterol transport; cholesterol-binding protein; low-density lipoprotein (LDL); lysosome; lysosomes; sterol metabolism; transporter.
© 2019 Pfeffer.
Conflict of interest statement
The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article
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