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Review
. 2018 Aug;233(8):5537-5549.
doi: 10.1002/jcp.26410. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

Rediscovery of NF-κB signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: How genetic defects of NF-κB pathway interplay with EBV in driving oncogenesis?

Mei Yi  1   2 , Jing Cai  1   3 , Junjun Li  1   3 , Shengnan Chen  1   3 , Zhaoyang Zeng  1   3 , Qian Peng  1   3 , Yuanyuan Ban  1   3 , Ying Zhou  1   3 , Xiaoling Li  1   3 , Wei Xiong  1   3 , Guiyuan Li  1   3 , Bo Xiang  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Rediscovery of NF-κB signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: How genetic defects of NF-κB pathway interplay with EBV in driving oncogenesis?

Mei Yi et al. J Cell Physiol. 2018 Aug.

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique EBV-associated subtype of head and neck cancer, which has the highest incidence in Southern China and eastern South Asia. The interaction between genetic risk factors and environmental challenge, have been considered to contribute to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling has been seen in NPC tissues and is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Recently, several whole exome sequencing study consistently revealed that high frequency mutations of NF-κB pathway negative regulators is common in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which reinforce the importance of NF-κB driving oncogenesis. This review focuses on the current state of research in role of NF-κB in NPC carcinogenesis. We summarized the newly identified loss of function (LOF) mutations on NF-κB negative regulators leading to it's activation bypass LMP-1 stimulation. We discussed the critical role of NF-κB activation in immortalization and transformation of nasopharygeal epithelium. We also depicted how NF-κB signaling mediated chronic inflammation contribute to persistent EBV infection, immune evasion of EBV infected cells, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation in NPC. Lastly, we discussed the clinical resonance of targeting NF-κB for NPC precise therapy.

Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus; NF-κB; cancer stem cells; inflammation; nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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