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. 2017 Mar:171:40-48.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.032. Epub 2016 Dec 10.

Developmental toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in zebrafish embryos

Kang Li  1 , Jia-Qi Wu  1 , Ling-Ling Jiang  1 , Li-Zhen Shen  1 , Jian-Ying Li  2 , Zhi-Heng He  3 , Ping Wei  1 , Zhuo Lv  4 , Ming-Fang He  5
Affiliations

Developmental toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in zebrafish embryos

Kang Li et al. Chemosphere. 2017 Mar.

Abstract

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is widely used in agriculture as herbicide/pesticide, plant growth regulator and fruit preservative agent. It progressively accumulates in the environment including surface water, air and soil. It could be detected in human food and urine, which poses great risk to the living organisms. In the present study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of 2,4-D on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. 2,4-D exposure significantly decreased both the survival rate (LC50 = 46.71 mg/L) and hatching rate (IC50 = 46.26 mg/L) of zebrafish embryos. The most common developmental defect in 2,4-D treated embryos was pericardial edema. 2,4-D (25 mg/L) upregulated marker genes of cardiac development (vmhc, amhc, hand2, vegf, and gata1) and downregulated marker genes of oxidative stress (cat and gpx1a). Whole mount in situ hybridization confirmed the vmhc and amhc upregulation by 2,4-D treatment. LC/MS/MS showed that the bioaccumulation of 2,4-D in zebrafish embryos were increased in a time-dependent manner after 25 mg/L of 2,4-D treatment. Taken together, our study investigated the toxic effects of 2,4-D on zebrafish embryonic development and its potential molecular mechanisms, gave evidence for the full understanding of 2,4-D toxicity on living organisms and shed light on its environmental impact.

Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Cardiac toxicity; Developmental toxicity; Embryonic toxicity; Zebrafish.

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