Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014 Dec 15;5(6):787-95.
doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.787.

Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications

Akifumi Kushiyama  1 , Kentaro Tanaka  1 , Shigeko Hara  1 , Shoji Kawazu  1
Affiliations
Review

Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications

Akifumi Kushiyama et al. World J Diabetes. .

Abstract

Hyperuricemia have been thought to be caused by the ingestion of large amounts of purines, and prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia has intended to prevent gout. Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) is rate-limiting enzyme of uric acid generation, and allopurinol was developed as a uric acid (UA) generation inhibitor in the 1950s and has been routinely used for gout prevention since then. Serum UA levels are an important risk factor of disease progression for various diseases, including those related to lifestyle. Recently, other UA generation inhibitors such as febuxostat and topiroxostat were launched. The emergence of these novel medications has promoted new research in the field. Lifestyle-related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus, often have a common pathological foundation. As such, hyperuricemia is often present among these patients. Many in vitro and animal studies have implicated inflammation and oxidative stress in UA metabolism and vascular injury because XDH/XO act as one of the major source of reactive oxygen species Many studies on UA levels and associated diseases implicate involvement of UA generation in disease onset and/or progression. Interventional studies for UA generation, not UA excretion revealed XDH/XO can be the therapeutic target for vascular injury and renal dysfunction. In this review, the relationship between UA metabolism and diabetic complications is highlighted.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic complications; Metabolism; Uric acid; Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase; Xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Tsushima Y, Nishizawa H, Tochino Y, Nakatsuji H, Sekimoto R, Nagao H, Shirakura T, Kato K, Imaizumi K, Takahashi H, et al. Uric acid secretion from adipose tissue and its increase in obesity. J Biol Chem. 2013;288:27138–27149. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wright RM, Vaitaitis GM, Wilson CM, Repine TB, Terada LS, Repine JE. cDNA cloning, characterization, and tissue-specific expression of human xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:10690–10694. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pritsos CA. Cellular distribution, metabolism and regulation of the xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme system. Chem Biol Interact. 2000;129:195–208. - PubMed
    1. Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Suda M, Nasako Y, Takahashi S, Agbedana OE, Hada T, Higashino K. Purification and immunohistochemical tissue localization of human xanthine oxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993;1164:327–330. - PubMed
    1. Bonomini F, Tengattini S, Fabiano A, Bianchi R, Rezzani R. Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Histol Histopathol. 2008;23:381–390. - PubMed