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Review
. 2014 Aug;15(8):509-24.
doi: 10.1038/nrm3838. Epub 2014 Jul 16.

Regulation of microRNA biogenesis

Minju Ha  1 , V Narry Kim  1
Affiliations
Review

Regulation of microRNA biogenesis

Minju Ha et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Aug.

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as guide molecules in RNA silencing. Targeting most protein-coding transcripts, miRNAs are involved in nearly all developmental and pathological processes in animals. The biogenesis of miRNAs is under tight temporal and spatial control, and their dysregulation is associated with many human diseases, particularly cancer. In animals, miRNAs are ∼22 nucleotides in length, and they are produced by two RNase III proteins--Drosha and Dicer. miRNA biogenesis is regulated at multiple levels, including at the level of miRNA transcription; its processing by Drosha and Dicer in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively; its modification by RNA editing, RNA methylation, uridylation and adenylation; Argonaute loading; and RNA decay. Non-canonical pathways for miRNA biogenesis, including those that are independent of Drosha or Dicer, are also emerging.

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