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. 2014 Jun 30;15(7):11626-36.
doi: 10.3390/ijms150711626.

Immunomodulating activity of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols

Giang T T Ho  1 , Marie Bräunlich  2 , Ingvild Austarheim  3 , Helle Wangensteen  4 , Karl E Malterud  5 , Rune Slimestad  6 , Hilde Barsett  7
Affiliations

Immunomodulating activity of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols

Giang T T Ho et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The immunomodulating effects of isolated proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and anthocyanins of Aronia melanocarpa were investigated. In this work, the complement-modulating activities, the inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and effects on cell viability of these polyphenols were studied. Several of the proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, the procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and the cyanidin aglycone possessed strong complement-fixing activities. Cyanidin 3-glucoside possessed stronger activity than the other anthocyanins. Procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions having an average degree of polymerization (PD) of 7 and 34 showed inhibitory activities on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. All, except for the fraction containing proanthocyanidins with PD 34, showed inhibitory effects without affecting cell viability. This study suggests that polyphenolic compounds of A. melanocarpa may have beneficial effects as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory agents.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of compounds found in aronia berries.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Complement-fixing activity of isolated fractions and phenolic compounds of aronia. (A) IC50 BPII/IC50 ratio for fractions and compounds tested. A high ratio means high complement-fixing activity; (B–D) Inhibition of hemolysis by subfractions Seph a–g, by anthocyanidins and cyanidin aglycone, and by epicatechin (monomer) and dimeric and trimeric procyanidins. BPII was used as positive control in all these tests. The values represent the mean of duplicate samples (divergence between measurements less than 20%).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of procyanidins and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions of aronia on NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Quercetin was used as a positive control. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of three individual experiments.
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