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. 2014 Mar 24;15(3):5140-62.
doi: 10.3390/ijms15035140.

Structure and antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Dimocarpus longan pulp

Fa-Yan Meng  1 , Yuan-Ling Ning  2 , Jia Qi  3 , Zhou He  4 , Jiang Jie  5 , Juan-Juan Lin  6 , Yan-Jun Huang  7 , Fu-Sen Li  8 , Xue-Hua Li  9
Affiliations

Structure and antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Dimocarpus longan pulp

Fa-Yan Meng et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

A new water-soluble polysaccharide (longan polysaccharide 1 (LP1)) was extracted and successfully purified from Dimocarpus longan pulp via diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose anion-exchange and Sephacryl S-300 HR gel chromatography. The chemical structure was determined using Infrared (IR), gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The results indicated that the molecular weight of the sample was 1.1 × 10(5) Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that LP1 was composed of Glc, GalA, Ara and Gal in a molar ratio of 5.39:1.04:0.74:0.21. Structural analysis indicated that LP1 consisted of a backbone of → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GALPA-(1 → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → units with poly saccharide side chains composed of → 2)-β-D-Fruf-(1 → 2)-L-sorbose-(1 → attached to the O-6 position of the α-D-Glcp residues. In vitro experiments indicated that LP1 had significantly high antitumor activity against SKOV3 and HO8910 tumor cells, with inhibition percentages of 40% and 50%, respectively. In addition, LP1 significantly stimulated the production of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), increased the activity of murine macrophages and enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The results of this study demonstrate that LP1 has potential applications as a natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Determination of the molecular weight (Mr) of longan polysaccharide 1 (LP1) via high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
(a) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of standard monosaccharides; and (b) HPLC of LP1 after complete acid hydrolysis. PMP, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
(a) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of standard monosaccharides; and (b) HPLC of LP1 after complete acid hydrolysis. PMP, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of LP1.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
1H NMR spectrum of LP1.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
13C NMR spectrum of LP1.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
DEPT135 spectrum of LP1.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
HMBC spectrum of LP1.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Effect of the LP1 polysaccharide from Dimocarpus longan pulp on the cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppression of serum IL-2 levels in mice (χ̄ ± SD, n = 8).
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Effect of the LP1 polysaccharide from Dimocarpus longan pulp on cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppression of serum IFN-γ levels in mice (χ̄ ± SD, n = 8) (* compared with CY, p < 0.05).
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
The effects of the LP1 polysaccharide from Dimocarpus longan pulp on cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppression of the phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages as measured with neutral red (χ̄ ± SD, n = 8) (* compared with CY alone, p < 0.05).
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