Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: a meta-analysis
- PMID: 24566947
- DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.14547
Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: a meta-analysis
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetarian diets and lower blood pressure (BP), but the relationship is not well established. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials and observational studies that have examined the association between vegetarian diets and BP. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched for articles published in English from 1946 to October 2013 and from 1900 to November 2013, respectively. STUDY SELECTION All studies met the inclusion criteria of the use of (1) participants older than 20 years, (2) vegetarian diets as an exposure or intervention, (3) mean difference in BP as an outcome, and (4) a controlled trial or observational study design. In addition, none met the exclusion criteria of (1) use of twin participants, (2) use of multiple interventions, (3) reporting only categorical BP data, or (4) reliance on case series or case reports. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data collected included study design, baseline characteristics of the study population, dietary data, and outcomes. The data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Net differences in systolic and diastolic BP associated with the consumption of vegetarian diets were assessed. RESULTS Of the 258 studies identified, 7 clinical trials and 32 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. In the 7 controlled trials (a total of 311 participants; mean age, 44.5 years), consumption of vegetarian diets was associated with a reduction in mean systolic BP (-4.8 mm Hg; 95% CI, -6.6 to -3.1; P < .001; I2 = 0; P = .45 for heterogeneity) and diastolic BP (-2.2 mm Hg; 95% CI, -3.5 to -1.0; P < .001; I2 = 0; P = .43 for heterogeneity) compared with the consumption of omnivorous diets. In the 32 observational studies (a total of 21,604 participants; mean age, 46.6 years), consumption of vegetarian diets was associated with lower mean systolic BP (-6.9 mm Hg; 95% CI, -9.1 to -4.7; P < .001; I2 = 91.4; P < .001 for heterogeneity) and diastolic BP (-4.7 mm Hg; 95% CI, -6.3 to -3.1; P < .001; I2 = 92.6; P < .001 for heterogeneity) compared with the consumption of omnivorous diets. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Consumption of vegetarian diets is associated with lower BP. Such diets could be a useful nonpharmacologic means for reducing BP.
Comment in
-
ACP Journal Club. Review: vegetarian diets reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure more than omnivorous diets.Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jun 17;160(12):JC3. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-160-12-201406170-02003. Ann Intern Med. 2014. PMID: 24935509 No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Pressure Lowering: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.Nutrients. 2020 May 29;12(6):1604. doi: 10.3390/nu12061604. Nutrients. 2020. PMID: 32486102 Free PMC article.
-
Vegetarian diets and glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2014 Oct;4(5):373-82. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2014.10.04. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2014. PMID: 25414824 Free PMC article.
-
Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutr Rev. 2017 Sep 1;75(9):683-698. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux030. Nutr Rev. 2017. PMID: 28938794 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effect of vegetarian diets on the presentation of metabolic syndrome or its components: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clin Nutr. 2019 Jun;38(3):1117-1132. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.021. Epub 2018 Jun 6. Clin Nutr. 2019. PMID: 29907356
-
Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Updated Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet].Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017 Jul. Report No.: 15-05222-EF-1. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017 Jul. Report No.: 15-05222-EF-1. PMID: 29364620 Free Books & Documents. Review.
Cited by
-
Exploring Diet-Based Treatments for Atrial Fibrillation: Patient Empowerment and Citizen Science as a Model for Quality-of-Life-Centered Solutions.Nutrients. 2024 Aug 13;16(16):2672. doi: 10.3390/nu16162672. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 39203809 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Adherence to EAT-Lancet reference diet and risk of premature coronary artery diseases: a multi-center case-control study.Eur J Nutr. 2024 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03475-y. Online ahead of print. Eur J Nutr. 2024. PMID: 39167176
-
Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets: An Insight into the Main Topics.Foods. 2024 Jul 29;13(15):2398. doi: 10.3390/foods13152398. Foods. 2024. PMID: 39123589 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Cardiovascular health and cancer risk associated with plant based diets: An umbrella review.PLoS One. 2024 May 15;19(5):e0300711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300711. eCollection 2024. PLoS One. 2024. PMID: 38748667 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Plant-Based Diets versus the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants in the Spanish Population: Influence on Health and Lifestyle Habits.Nutrients. 2024 Apr 25;16(9):1278. doi: 10.3390/nu16091278. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 38732525 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous