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Review
. 2013 May 15;319(9):1247-54.
doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Apr 6.

Polarizing pathways: balancing endothelial polarity, permeability, and lumen formation

Carlos O Lizama  1 , Ann C Zovein
Affiliations
Review

Polarizing pathways: balancing endothelial polarity, permeability, and lumen formation

Carlos O Lizama et al. Exp Cell Res. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Balancing migration and cell-cell adhesion. In response to growth factor cues (in this example VEGF, pink), the migratory endothelial cell will orient filopodia and lamellipodia to the leading front while the cell undergoes cytoskeletal rearrangement. Caveolin1 interacts with 31 integrin as the cell migrates, and participates in the endocytosis and recycling of integrins. In response to polarity and matrix cues, RhoA is initiated at the site of protrusion and actin assembly. Cdc42 and Rac1 function to propagate the initiating event. Amot and AmotL1 interact with Syx (and can interact with each other) to regulate RhoA both at the cell-cell tight junctions (TJ) and in the polarized leading edge. Phosphorylated VEGFR2 (pVEGFR) is co-trafficked with Amot and Syx and function in TJ disassembly. TJ is represented by Occludin, ZO-1 and VE-cadherin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Lumen formation within the aorta. The contact sites of neighboring endothelial cells are comprised of junctional proteins, one of which is VE-cadherin. VE-cadherin can associate with both CCM-1 and Par3 proteins, which regulate apical/basal polarity and lumen formation. As the luminal membrane becomes polarized, apical localization of sialomucins (CD34 and podocalyxin) is noted. Negatively charged sialomucins cause membrane repulsion, as moesin associates with CD34 and recruits F-actin, and eventually nm myosin II, to the apical membrane. This actin/myosin recruitment and assembly generates contractile forces that regulate cell shape changes resulting in a patent lumen. β1 integrin is located in the basolateral membrane has been demonstrated to also play a role in cell shape and lumen formation, possibly by acting to counterbalance apical forces in the process.
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