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Review
. 2011 Feb 28;16(3):2032-52.
doi: 10.3390/molecules16032032.

Antioxidant therapy as a potential approach to severe influenza-associated complications

Noboru Uchide  1 , Hiroo Toyoda
Affiliations
Review

Antioxidant therapy as a potential approach to severe influenza-associated complications

Noboru Uchide et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

With the appearance of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus 2009 strain we have experienced a new influenza pandemic and many patients have died from severe complications associated with this pandemic despite receiving intensive care. This suggests that a definitive medical treatment for severe influenza-associated complications has not yet been established. Many studies have shown that superoxide anion produced by macrophages infiltrated into the virus-infected organs is implicated in the development of severe influenza-associated complications. Selected antioxidants, such as pyrrolidine dithiocabamate, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, glutathione, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, thujaplicin, resveratrol, (+)-vitisin A, ambroxol, ascorbic acid, 5,7,4-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, catechins, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, iso- quercetin and oligonol, inhibit the proliferation of influenza virus and scavenge superoxide anion. The combination of antioxidants with antiviral drugs synergistically reduces the lethal effects of influenza virus infections. These results suggest that an agent with antiviral and antioxidant activities could be a drug of choice for the treatment of patients with severe influenza-associated complications. This review article updates knowledge of antioxidant therapy as a potential approach to severe influenza-associated complications.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Current available anti-influenza drugs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Tissue injury model during influenza virus infection.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Thiol antioxidants with anti-influenza virus activity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Hydroxyl antioxidants with anti-influenza virus activity.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Flavonoids with anti-influenza virus activity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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