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. 2007 Jul;14(7):918-23.
doi: 10.1128/CVI.00031-07. Epub 2007 May 30.

Gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during measles virus infection

Michael J Zilliox  1 , William J Moss, Diane E Griffin
Affiliations

Gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during measles virus infection

Michael J Zilliox et al. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 Jul.

Abstract

Measles virus continues to cause morbidity and mortality despite the existence of a safe and efficacious vaccine. Measles is associated with induction of both a long-lived protective immune response and immunosuppression. To gain insight into immunological changes during measles virus infection, we examined gene expression in blood mononuclear cells from children with acute measles and children in the convalescent phase compared to uninfected control children. There were 13 significantly upregulated and 206 downregulated genes. Upregulated genes included the immune regulatory molecules interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), CIAS-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, PDE4B, PTGS2, IL-8, CXCL2, CCL4, ICAM-1, CD83, GOS-2, IER3 (IEX-1), and TNFAIP3 (A20). Plasma levels of IL-1beta and IL-8 were elevated during measles virus infection. Downregulated genes mainly involved three gene ontology biological processes, transcription, signal transduction, and the immune response, and included IL-16 and cell surface receptors IL-4R, IL-6R, IL-7R, IL-27RA, CCR2, and CCR7. Most mRNAs had not returned to control values 1 month after discharge, consistent with prolonged immune response abnormalities during measles virus infection.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
WBC composition. The individual counts for each patient are shown with filled circles, and the mean values for the samples in this study are displayed with an “X.” The means for the larger cohort are shown with a line connecting the sampling times. Data are shown for controls (C) and for children with measles at entry (E; days 2 to 7), discharge (D; days 4 to 11), and follow-up (F; days 36 to 61).
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Upregulated genes. The mean and standard deviation of the change in expression (n-fold) for each gene is shown. CIAS1, cold autoinflammatory syndrome 1 (NALP3); IER3, immediate early response 3 (IEX-1); ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; PDE4B, phosphodiesterase 4B; PTGS2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; GOS2, putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene; TNFAIP3, tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (A20); C, control; E, entry; D, discharge; F, follow-up.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Examples of downregulated immune response genes. The mean and standard deviation of the change in expression (n-fold) for each gene is shown. IL27RA, IL-27 receptor alpha chain (WSX-1); C, control; E, entry; D, discharge; F, follow-up.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
Plasma levels of chemokines and cytokines. Box plots of plasma protein levels of IL-8, CCL4, CXCL2, IL-1β, and IL-16, as measured by EIA, are shown. Time points with P < 0.05 relative to the control level are indicated by an *. IL-16 plasma levels were previously reported for this cohort (25).
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