Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
- PMID: 11477402
- DOI: 10.1038/90609
Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
Abstract
Recognition of pathogens is mediated by a set of germline-encoded receptors that are referred to as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns (pathogen-associated molecular patterns), which are shared by large groups of microorganisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as the PRRs in mammals and play an essential role in the recognition of microbial components. The TLRs may also recognize endogenous ligands induced during the inflammatory response. Similar cytoplasmic domains allow TLRs to use the same signaling molecules used by the interleukin 1 receptors (IL-1Rs): these include MyD88, IL-1R--associated protein kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor--activated factor 6. However, evidence is accumulating that the signaling pathways associated with each TLR are not identical and may, therefore, result in different biological responses.
Similar articles
-
The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: signal generators for pro-inflammatory interleukins and microbial products.J Leukoc Biol. 2000 Apr;67(4):508-14. doi: 10.1002/jlb.67.4.508. J Leukoc Biol. 2000. PMID: 10770283 Review.
-
MyD88 as a bottle neck in Toll/IL-1 signaling.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;270:155-67. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-59430-4_10. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002. PMID: 12467250 Review.
-
Viral interference with IL-1 and toll signaling.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 26;97(20):10682-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.20.10682. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000. PMID: 11005852 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
-
Regulation of innate immune responses by Toll-like receptors.Jpn J Infect Dis. 2001 Dec;54(6):209-19. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2001. PMID: 11862002 Review.
-
Toll-like receptors and their signaling mechanism in innate immunity.Acta Odontol Scand. 2001 Jun;59(3):124-30. doi: 10.1080/000163501750266701. Acta Odontol Scand. 2001. PMID: 11501880 Review.
Cited by
-
Type I and III IFNs produced by the nasal epithelia and dimmed inflammation are features of alpacas resolving MERS-CoV infection.PLoS Pathog. 2021 May 24;17(5):e1009229. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009229. eCollection 2021 May. PLoS Pathog. 2021. PMID: 34029358 Free PMC article.
-
Toll9 from Bombyx mori functions as a pattern recognition receptor that shares features with Toll-like receptor 4 from mammals.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 May 11;118(19):e2103021118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2103021118. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021. PMID: 33963082 Free PMC article.
-
A transendocytosis model of CTLA-4 function predicts its suppressive behavior on regulatory T cells.J Immunol. 2015 Mar 1;194(5):2148-59. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401876. Epub 2015 Jan 28. J Immunol. 2015. PMID: 25632005 Free PMC article.
-
Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Graft-versus-Host Diseases.Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Aug 11;17(8):1288. doi: 10.3390/ijms17081288. Int J Mol Sci. 2016. PMID: 27529218 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Differential Immune Responses and Underlying Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Smooth and Rough Variants of Mycobacterium peregrinum Infections.Pathogens. 2023 Dec 13;12(12):1446. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12121446. Pathogens. 2023. PMID: 38133329 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
