2020 TAXONOMIC UPDATE FOR PHYLUM Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), INCLUDING THE LARGE ORDERS Bunyavirales AND Mononegavirales

Jens H Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V Alkhovsky; Gaya Amarasinghe; Simon J Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H Bird; Carol D Blair; Kim R Blasdell; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A Brown; Ursula J Buchholz; Michael J Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H Calisher; Mèngjí Cáo; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J Christopher S Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M R Dávila; Xavier de Lamballerie; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Rik L de Swart; Patrick L Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A Drebot; J Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G Dundon; W Paul Duprex; John M Dye; Andrew J Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R Fooks; Pierre B H Formenty; Leonie Forth; Ron Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Anne-Lise Haenni; Roy A Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R Hughes; Timothy H Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Virol. 2020 Sep 4;165(12):3023–3072. doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2

2020 TAXONOMIC UPDATE FOR PHYLUM Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), INCLUDING THE LARGE ORDERS Bunyavirales AND Mononegavirales

Jens H Kuhn ^1,^1,^I,^II,^IV,^V,^VI,^IX,^XI,^XII,^XIII,^d, Scott Adkins ^2,^V,^XVI,^XXIII, Daniela Alioto ³, Sergey V Alkhovsky ^4,^XI,^XVI, Gaya Amarasinghe ^5,^VI, Simon J Anthony ^6,⁷, Tatjana Avšič-Županc ^8,^XI, María A Ayllón ^9,^10,^X, Justin Bahl ^11,^XIV, Anne Balkema-Buschmann ^12,^XV, Matthew J Ballinger ^13,^XVII, Tomáš Bartonička ¹⁴, Christopher Basler ^15,^VI, Sina Bavari ^16,^VI, Martin Beer ^17,^XVI, Dennis A Bente ^18,^XI, Éric Bergeron ^19,^XI, Brian H Bird ²⁰, Carol D Blair ^21,^XVI, Kim R Blasdell ^22,^XX, Steven Bradfute ^23,^VIII, Rachel Breyta ^24,^XX, Thomas Briese ^25,^IV,^XVIII, Paul A Brown ^26,^XIX, Ursula J Buchholz ^27,^XIX, Michael J Buchmeier ^28,^I, Alexander Bukreyev ^29,^30,^VI, Felicity Burt ^31,^XI, Nihal Buzkan ³², Charles H Calisher ^33,^VIII,^XVI, Mèngjí Cáo ^34,³⁵, Inmaculada Casas ^36,^XIV, John Chamberlain ³⁷, Kartik Chandran ^38,^VI, Rémi N Charrel ^39,^I,^XVIII, Biao Chen ⁴⁰, Michela Chiumenti ⁴¹, Il-Ryong Choi ^42,^XXII, J Christopher S Clegg ^43,^I, Ian Crozier ^44,^VI, John V da Graça ^45,^III, Elena Dal Bó ^46,^III, Alberto M R Dávila ⁴⁷, Xavier de Lamballerie ^48,^XVIII, Juan Carlos de la Torre ^49,^I,^V, Rik L de Swart ^50,^XIX, Patrick L Di Bello ⁵¹, Nicholas Di Paola ^52,^XI, Francesco Di Serio ⁵³, Ralf G Dietzgen ^54,^II,^IX,^XIII,^XX, Michele Digiaro ^55,^VII, Valerian V Dolja ⁵⁶, Olga Dolnik ^57,^VI, Michael A Drebot ^58,^XVI, J Felix Drexler ^59,^XIX, Ralf Dürrwald ^60,^IV, Lucie Dufkova ⁶¹, William G Dundon ^62,^XV, W Paul Duprex ^63,^IX,^XV,^XIX, John M Dye ^64,^VI, Andrew J Easton ^65,^XV,^XIX, Hideki Ebihara ^66,^XVIII, Toufic Elbeaino ^67,^VII, Koray Ergünay ^68,^XI, Jorlan Fernandes ⁶⁹, Anthony R Fooks ^70,^XX, Pierre B H Formenty ^71,^VI, Leonie Forth ⁷², Ron Fouchier ^73,^XV, Juliana Freitas-Astúa ^74,^XX, Selma Gago-Zachert ^75,^76,^III, George Fú Gāo ^77,^XVIII, María Laura García ^78,^III, Adolfo García-Sastre ^79,^XIV, Aura R Garrison ^80,^XI, Aiah Gbakima ⁸¹, Tracey Goldstein ⁸², Jean-Paul J Gonzalez ^83,^84,^I, Anthony Griffiths ^85,^VI, Martin H Groschup ^86,^XVIII, Stephan Günther ^87,^I, Alexandro Guterres ⁸⁸, Anne-Lise Haenni ^XXII, Roy A Hall ^89,^XVII, John Hammond ^90,^III, Mohamed Hassan ⁹¹, Jussi Hepojoki ^92,^93,^I, Satu Hepojoki ^94,⁹⁵, Udo Hetzel ⁹⁶, Roger Hewson ^97,^VI,^XI, Bernd Hoffmann ⁹⁸, Seiji Hongo ^99,^XIV, Dirk Höper ¹⁰⁰, Masayuki Horie ^101,^IV, Holly R Hughes ^102,^XVI, Timothy H Hyndman ^103,^IV,^XXI, Amara Jambai ¹⁰⁴, Rodrigo Jardim ¹⁰⁵, Dàohóng Jiāng ^106,^II,^IX,^X,^XIII, Qi Jin ^107,¹⁰⁸, Gilda B Jonson ^109,^XXII, Sandra Junglen ^110,^111,^V,^XVII, Serpil Karadağ ¹¹², Karen E Keller ¹¹³, Boris Klempa ^114,^VIII, Jonas Klingström ^115,^VIII, Gary Kobinger ^116,^VI, Hideki Kondō ^117,^XX, Eugene V Koonin ^118,^XII, Mart Krupovic ^119,^XII, Gael Kurath ^120,^XV,^XX,^XXI, Ivan V Kuzmin ^121,^XX, Lies Laenen ^122,^123,^VIII, Robert A Lamb ^124,^125,^XV, Amy J Lambert ^126,^V,^XVI,^XXIII, Stanley L Langevin ^127,^XVII, Benhur Lee ^128,^XV, Elba R S Lemos ¹²⁹, Eric M Leroy ^130,^VI, Dexin Li ¹³¹, Jiànróng Lǐ ^132,^XIX, Mifang Liang ¹³³, Wénwén Liú ¹³⁴, Yàn Liú ¹³⁵, Igor S Lukashevich ^136,^I, Piet Maes ^137,^V,^VIII,^IX, William Marciel de Souza ^138,^XVI, Marco Marklewitz ^139,^140,^V,^XVI, Sergio H Marshall ^141,^XIV, Giovanni P Martelli ^142,^VII,^†, Robert R Martin ¹⁴³, Shin-Yi L Marzano ^144,^X, Sébastien Massart ¹⁴⁵, John W McCauley ^146,^XIV, Nicole Mielke-Ehret ^147,^VII, Angelantonio Minafra ¹⁴⁸, Maria Minutolo ¹⁴⁹, Ali Mirazimi ^150,^XI, Hans-Peter Mühlbach ^151,^VII, Elke Mühlberger ^152,^VI, Rayapati Naidu ^153,^XXIII, Tomohide Natsuaki ^154,^III, Beatriz Navarro ¹⁵⁵, José A Navarro ^156,^III, Sergey V Netesov ^157,^VI, Gabriele Neumann ^158,^XIV, Norbert Nowotny ^159,^160,^IV, Márcio R T Nunes ^161,^XVI,^XVIII, Are Nylund ¹⁶², Arnfinn L Økland ¹⁶³, Renata C Oliveira ¹⁶⁴, Gustavo Palacios ^165,^V,^VI,^XI,^XVIII, Vicente Pallás ^166,^III, Bernadett Pályi ^167,^VI, Anna Papa ^168,^XI, Colin R Parrish ^169,^XIV, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa ^170,^XVII, Janusz T Pawęska ^171,^VI,^IX, Susan Payne ^172,^IV, Daniel R Pérez ^173,^XIV, Florian Pfaff ¹⁷⁴, Sheli R Radoshitzky ^175,^I, Aziz-ul Rahman ¹⁷⁶, Pedro L Ramos-González ¹⁷⁷, Renato O Resende ^178,^XXIII, Carina A Reyes ^179,^III, Bertus K Rima ^180,^IX,^XV, Gabriel Robles Luna ^181,^III, Víctor Romanowski ^182,^I, Paul Rota ^183,^XV, Dennis Rubbenstroth ^184,^IV,^IX, Jonathan A Runstadler ^185,^XIV, Daniel Ruzek ^186,¹⁸⁷, Sead Sabanadzovic ^188,^e, Jiří Salát ^189,¹⁹⁰, Amadou Alpha Sall ^191,^XI, Maria S Salvato ^192,^I, Kamil Sarpkaya ¹⁹³, Takahide Sasaya ^194,^III,^V,^XVIII,^XXII, Martin Schwemmle ^195,^XIV, Muhammad Z Shabbir ¹⁹⁶, Xiǎohóng Shí ^197,^XVI, Zhènglì Shí ¹⁹⁸, Yukio Shirako ^199,^XXII, Peter Simmonds ^200,^a, Jana Širmarová ²⁰¹, Manuela Sironi ^202,^I, Sophie Smither ^203,^VI, Teemu Smura ²⁰⁴, Jin-Won Song ^205,^VIII,^XVIII, Kirsten Spann ^206,^XIX, Jessica R Spengler ^207,^XI, Mark D Stenglein ^208,^I,^IV, David M Stone ^209,^XX, Petra Straková ²¹⁰, Ayato Takada ^211,^VI, Robert B Tesh ^212,^XX, Natalie J Thornburg ^213,^XIX, Keizō Tomonaga ^214,^IV, Noël Tordo ^215,^XX, Jonathan S Towner ^216,^VI, Massimo Turina ^217,^XXIII, Ioannis Tzanetakis ^218,^III, Rainer G Ulrich ²¹⁹, Anna Maria Vaira ^220,^III, Bernadette van den Hoogen ^221,^XIX, Arvind Varsani ^222,^223,^e, Nikos Vasilakis ^224,^II,^XIII,^XX, Martin Verbeek ^225,^III, Victoria Wahl ^226,^VI, Peter J Walker ^227,^IX,^XX,^b, Hui Wang ²²⁸, Jianwei Wang ²²⁹, Lin-Fa Wang ^230,^XV, Xifeng Wang ²³¹, Tàiyún Wèi ^232,^XXII, Heather Wells ²³³, Anna E Whitfield ^234,^XX,^XXIII, John V Williams ^235,^XIX, Yuri I Wolf ^236,^XII, Zhìqiáng Wú ²³⁷, Xin Yang ²³⁸, Xīnglóu Yáng ²³⁹, Xue-Jie Yu ²⁴⁰, Natalya Yutin ²⁴¹, F Murilo Zerbini ^242,^c, Tong Zhang ²⁴³, Yong-Zhen Zhang ^244,^V,^VIII,^IX, Guohui Zhou ²⁴⁵, Xueping Zhou ^246,^XXII

¹Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA

²United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA

³Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy

⁴D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Russia

⁵Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

⁶Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

⁷EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA

⁸University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, Slovenia

⁹Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain

¹⁰Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

¹¹Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA

¹²Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

¹³Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA

¹⁴Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic

¹⁵Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

¹⁶Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, Maryland, USA

¹⁷Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

¹⁸University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

¹⁹Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

²⁰School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis California USA

²¹Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA

²²Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

²³University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

²⁴US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

²⁵Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

²⁶French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France

²⁷RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

²⁸Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

²⁹The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston Natonal Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA

³⁰Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA

³¹Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa

³²UNIVERSITY OF KAHRAMANMARAS SÜTÇÜ IMAM FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION AVSAR CAMPUS, 46060 KAHRAMANMARAS, TURKEY

³³Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado

³⁴National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China

³⁵Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

³⁶Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

³⁷Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom

³⁸Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

³⁹Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France

⁴⁰Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China

⁴¹Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante - Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - National Research Council), ITALY

⁴²Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines

⁴³Les Mandinaux, Le Grand Madieu, France

⁴⁴Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland USA

⁴⁵Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco Texas, USA

⁴⁶CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

⁴⁷Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

⁴⁸Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France

⁴⁹Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

⁵⁰Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands

⁵¹Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

⁵²United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

⁵³Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

⁵⁴Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

⁵⁵CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy

⁵⁶Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

⁵⁷Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany

⁵⁸Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;

⁵⁹Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

⁶⁰Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany

⁶¹Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

⁶²Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

⁶³University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

⁶⁴United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

⁶⁵School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

⁶⁶Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

⁶⁷Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy

⁶⁸Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

⁶⁹Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

⁷⁰Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK

⁷¹World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

⁷²Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

⁷³Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands

⁷⁴Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil

⁷⁵Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany

⁷⁶Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle/Saale, Germany

⁷⁷National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

⁷⁸Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina

⁷⁹Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

⁸⁰United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

⁸¹Metabiota, Inc. Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone

⁸²One Health Institute & Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA

⁸³Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA

⁸⁴Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA

⁸⁵Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

⁸⁶Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

⁸⁷Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany

⁸⁸Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

⁸⁹Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

⁹⁰United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

⁹¹Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

⁹²University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland

⁹³Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁹⁴Mobidiag Ltd, Espoo, Finland

⁹⁵University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland

⁹⁶Institute of VeterinarypPathology, University of Zuerich, Switzerland

⁹⁷Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, UK

⁹⁸Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

⁹⁹Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan

¹⁰⁰Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

¹⁰¹Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

¹⁰²Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

¹⁰³School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia

¹⁰⁴Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone

¹⁰⁵Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

¹⁰⁶State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

¹⁰⁷Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

¹⁰⁸Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China

¹⁰⁹Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

¹¹⁰Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

¹¹¹German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany

¹¹²REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY,PISTACHIO RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GAZIANTEP, TURKEY

¹¹³United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

¹¹⁴Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

¹¹⁵Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

¹¹⁶Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada

¹¹⁷Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan

¹¹⁸National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

¹¹⁹Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

¹²⁰US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

¹²¹US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, USA

¹²²KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium

¹²³Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

¹²⁴Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

¹²⁵Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

¹²⁶Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

¹²⁷Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Washington, USA

¹²⁸Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

¹²⁹Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

¹³⁰MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France

¹³¹National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

¹³²Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

¹³³Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China

¹³⁴State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

¹³⁵State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

¹³⁶Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

¹³⁷KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium

¹³⁸Virology Research Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

¹³⁹Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

¹⁴⁰German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany

¹⁴¹Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile

¹⁴²Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy

¹⁴³United States Department of Agriculture, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

¹⁴⁴Department of Biology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA

¹⁴⁵Liège University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Belgium

¹⁴⁶Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK

¹⁴⁷Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

¹⁴⁸Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante - Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - National Research Council), ITALY

¹⁴⁹Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy

¹⁵⁰Folkhalsomyndigheten, Stockholm, Sweden

¹⁵¹Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

¹⁵²Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

¹⁵³Washington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, USA

¹⁵⁴School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan

¹⁵⁵Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy

¹⁵⁶Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain

¹⁵⁷Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia

¹⁵⁸Influenza Research Institute, Dept. of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison

¹⁵⁹Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

¹⁶⁰College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

¹⁶¹Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Pará, Brazil

¹⁶²Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

¹⁶³Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

¹⁶⁴Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

¹⁶⁵United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

¹⁶⁶Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

¹⁶⁷National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary

¹⁶⁸National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

¹⁶⁹Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

¹⁷⁰Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

¹⁷¹Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

¹⁷²Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

¹⁷³Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA

¹⁷⁴Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany

¹⁷⁵United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

¹⁷⁶Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

¹⁷⁷Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

¹⁷⁸Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

¹⁷⁹Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

¹⁸⁰Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK

¹⁸¹Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

¹⁸²Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico—Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

¹⁸³National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

¹⁸⁴Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany

¹⁸⁵Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA

¹⁸⁶Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

¹⁸⁷Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

¹⁸⁸Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA

¹⁸⁹Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

¹⁹⁰Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

¹⁹¹Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

¹⁹²Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

¹⁹³Karabuk University (UNIKA), Faculty of Forestry , Department of Forestry Engineering, TURKEY

¹⁹⁴Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan

¹⁹⁵University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany

¹⁹⁶Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

¹⁹⁷MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

¹⁹⁸CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China.

¹⁹⁹Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

²⁰⁰Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

²⁰¹Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

²⁰²Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea,” Bosisio Parini, Italy

²⁰³CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK

²⁰⁴University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland

²⁰⁵Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

²⁰⁶School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

²⁰⁷Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens & Pathology, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention

²⁰⁸Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

²⁰⁹Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK

²¹⁰Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

²¹¹Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

²¹²The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

²¹³Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

²¹⁴Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

²¹⁵Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Paris, France & Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea

²¹⁶Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

²¹⁷Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy

²¹⁸Dept. of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701

²¹⁹Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany, and Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

²²⁰Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135 Torino, Italy

²²¹Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

²²²The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

²²³Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa

²²⁴The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

²²⁵Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands

²²⁶National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

²²⁷School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

²²⁸State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

²²⁹NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

²³⁰Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

²³¹State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

²³²Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

²³³Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity

²³⁴Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

²³⁵School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

²³⁶National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

²³⁷MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, IPB, CAMS

²³⁸Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China

²³⁹CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China.

²⁴⁰Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China

²⁴¹National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

²⁴²Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

²⁴³Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China

²⁴⁴National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China

²⁴⁵Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China

²⁴⁶State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Arenaviridae,

^II

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Artoviridae,

^III

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Aspiviridae,

^IV

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Bornaviridae,

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Bunyavirales,

^VI

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Filoviridae,

^VII

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Fimoviridae,

^VIII

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Hantaviridae,

^IX

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Monjiviricetes,

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Mymonaviridae,

^XI

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Nairoviridae,

^XII

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Negarnaviricota,

^XIII

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Nyamiviridae,

^XIV

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Orthomyxoviridae,

^XV

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Paramyxoviridae,

^XVI

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Peribunyaviridae,

^XVII

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Phasmaviridae,

XVIII: The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Phenuiviridae,

^XIX

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Pneumoviridae,

^XX

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Rhabdoviridae,

^XXI

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Sunviridae,

^XXII

The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Tenuivirus,

XXIII: The current members of the 2017–2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Tospoviridae Study Groups;

Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA. For all other author affiliations and for ORCIDs please consult the co-submitted Excel sheet

the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee;

the 2018–2020 ICTV Proposal Secretary;

the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee;

the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA- Viruses Subcommittee;

2017–2020 Elected Members of the ICTV Executive Committee.

^†

Deceased.

Corresponding author: JHK: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Phone: +1-301-631-7245; Fax: +1-301-631-7389; kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov

PMCID: PMC7606449 NIHMSID: NIHMS1626555 PMID: 32888050

Abstract

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

Keywords: Arenaviridae, Articulavirales, Artoviridae, Aspiviridae, Bornaviridae, Bunyavirales, bunyavirus, Filoviridae, Fimoviridae, Goujianvirales, Hantaviridae, ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Jingchuvirales, megaclassification, megataxonomy, Mononegavirales, Muvirales, Mymonaviridae, Nairoviridae, Negarnaviricota, Nyamiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Orthornavirae, Paramyxoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Pneumoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Riboviria, Serpentovirales, Sunviridae, Tenuivirus, Tospoviridae, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy

INTRODUCTION

Phylum Negarnaviricota was established in 2019 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for negative-sense RNA viruses that can be connected evolutionarily through their encoded RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) core domains. The phylum includes two subphyla, Haploviricotina and Polyploviricotina, for negative-sense RNA viruses that encode large (L) proteins with or without mRNA capping activity, respectively. The two subphyla include four classes (Chunqiuviricetes, Milneviricetes, Monjiviricetes, and Yunchangviricetes) and two classes (Ellioviricetes and Insthoviricetes), respectively [56, 109, 136]. The vast majority of viruses that have been assigned to phylum Negarnaviricota belong to two orders: Mononegavirales (established in 1991 [92] and amended/emended in 1995 [16], 1997 [93], 2000 [94], 2005 [95], 2011 [32], 2016 [2], 2017 [7], March 2018 [8], October 2018 [66], and 2019 [9]) and Bunyavirales (established in 2017 and amended/emended in 2018 [64, 65] and 2019 [1]). Here we present the changes that were proposed to the entire phylum Negarnaviricota via official ICTV taxonomic proposals (TaxoProps) in 2019 and that were accepted by the ICTV in March 2020 [128]. These changes are now part of the official ICTV taxonomy.

TAXONOMIC CHANGES ABOVE THE PHYLUM RANK

Until recently, Negarnaviricota, included in realm Riboviria (established in 2019 [127]), was the only established phylum in the ICTV framework. In 2020, virus taxonomy was amended to include Negarnaviricota in the new riboviriad kingdom Orthornavirae as one of five sister phyla [55] (TaxoProp 2019.006G.A.v1.Riboviria).

TAXONOMIC CHANGES AT THE SUBPHYLUM RANK

No new subphyla were created.

TAXONOMIC CHANGES AT THE CLASS RANK

No new classes were created.

TAXONOMIC CHANGES AT THE ORDER RANK

No new orders were created.

Taxonomic changes within order Goujianvirales (Haploviricotina: Yunchangviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Jingchuvirales (Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes)

Family Chuviridae

One new species, Taiyuan mivirus, was added to genus Mivirus for Tàiyuán leafhopper virus (TYLeV) first discovered by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in a leafhopper (Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom, 1850)) sampled in Tàiyuán (太原), Shānxī Province (山西省), China [129] (TaxoProp 2019.018M.A.v2.1newsp_Taiyuan_mivirus).

Taxonomic changes within order Mononegavirales (Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes)

Family Artoviridae

The family was expanded by one new genus, Hexartovirus, including one new species, Caligid hexartovirus, for Lepeophtheirus salmonis negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (LsNSRV-1) first discovered by HTS in salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) sampled on the west coast of Norway [81]. Species Barnacle peropuvirus was moved from genus Peropuvirus into genus Hexartovirus and renamed Barnacle hexartovirus (TaxoProp 2019.021M.A.v1.1newgenus_Hexartovirus).

Family Bornaviridae

No changes were made.

Family Filoviridae

The family was expanded by one genus, Dianlovirus, including a single new species, Mengla dianlovirus, for Měnglà virus (MLAV) discovered by HTS in a Rousettus sp. bat sampled in Měnglà County (勐腊县), Yúnnán Province (云南省), China [145, 146] (TaxoProp 2019.011M.A.v1.Mengla_dianlovirus).

One new species, Bombali ebolavirus, was created in genus Ebolavirus, for Bombali virus (BOMV) first discovered by consensus PCR and confirmed by HTS in little free-tailed bats (Chaerephon pumilus (Cretzschmar, 1830–1831)) and Angolan free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus (A. Smith, 1833)) sampled in Bombali District, Northern Province, Sierra Leone [37] (TaxoProp 2019.007M.A.v2.Bombali_ebolavirus).

Family Lispiviridae

No changes were made.

Family Mymonaviridae

A new genus, Hubramonavirus, was established for two new species: Hubei hubramonavirus for Húběi rhabdo-like virus 4 (HbRLV-4) discovered by HTS in an arthropod mix collected in Húběi

Province (湖北省), China [106] and Lentinula hubramonavirus for Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 1 (LeNSRV-1) first detected by HTS in commercial shiitakes (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (1976)) sampled in Japan [60] (TaxoProp 2019.001F.A.v1.Hubramonavirus_1gen).

Family Nyamiviridae

No changes were made.

Family Paramyxoviridae

The overlooked deletion of species Bat mumps orthorubulavirus and the overlooked renaming of species Synodus paramyxovirus to Synodus synodonvirus were corrected (TaxoProp 2019.016M.A.v1.Corrections).

The family was expanded by three new genera: genus Cynoglossusvirus for the already established species Cynoglossus paramyxovirus (now renamed Cynoglossus cynoglossusvirus); genus Hoplichthysvirus for the already established species Hoplichthys paramyxovirus (now renamed Hoplichthys hoplichthysvirus); and genus Scoliodonvirus for the already established species Scoliodon paramyxovirus (now renamed Scoliodon scoliodonvirus) (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Aquaparamyxovirus was expanded by one species, Oncorhynchus aquaparamyxovirus, for Pacific salmon paramyxovirus (PSPV) first isolated from Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)) in Oregon, USA [135]. Species Salmon aquaparamyxovirus was renamed Salmo aquaparamyxovirus (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Jeilongvirus was expanded by one species, Miniopteran jeilongvirus, for “bat paramyxovirus isolate Bat-ParaV/B16–40” (here renamed Shaan virus [ShaV]) first isolated from a Schreibers’s long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817)) feces sampled in Danyang County (단양군), North Chungcheong Province (충청북도), South Korea [79] (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Orthoavulavirus was expanded erroneously by two species, Avian orthoavulavirus 21 and Avian orthovulavirus 21 [sic], for the same virus, “avian paramyxovirus 17” (here renamed avian paramyxovirus 21 [APMV-21]) first isolated from bird feces collected in Seosan (서산시), South Chungcheong Province (충청남도), South Korea [48] (TaxoProps 2019.014M.A.v1.Avulavirus_1newsp and 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Orthorubulavirus was expanded by one species, Mammalian orthorubulavirus 6, for Alston virus (AlsV) first isolated from pteropodid bat urine sampled in Alstonville, New South Wales, Australia [49] (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Pararubulavirus was expanded by one species, Hervey pararubulavirus, for Hervey virus (HerV) first isolated from pteropodid bat urine sampled in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia [11, 53]. (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Respirovirus was expanded by one species, Squirrel respirovirus, for giant squirrel virus (GSqV) first isolated from a Sri Lankan giant squirrel (Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769)) sampled in a German zoo [35] (TaxoProp 2019.019M.A.v2.1newsp_Squirrel_respirovirus).

Family Rhabdoviridae

Genus Almendravirus was expanded by one species, Menghai almendravirus, for Menghai rhabdovirus (MRV) first isolated from Asian tiger mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894)) collected in Měnghǎi County (勐海县) in Yúnnán Province (云南省), China [113] (TaxoProp 2019.033M.N.v1.Menghai_almendravirus_1sp).

Genus Nucleorhabdovirus was split into three genera, Alphanucleorhabdovirus, Betanucleorhabdovirus, and Gammanucleorhabdovirus (TaxoProp 2019.031M.Ac.v1.Nucleorhabdovirus_splitgen). Established species Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus, Maize Iranian mosaic nucleorhabdovirus, Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus, Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus, Rice yellow stunt nucleorhabdovirus, and Taro vein chlorosis nucleorhabdovirus were assigned to genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus and renamed Eggplant mottled dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus, Maize Iranian mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus, Maize mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus, Potato yellow dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus, Rice yellow stunt alphanucleorhabdovirus, and Taro vein chlorosis alphanucleorhabdovirus, respectively. Established species Datura yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus, Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus, and Sowthistle yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus were assigned to genus Betanucleorhabdovirus and renamed Datura yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus, Sonchus yellow net betanucleorhabdovirus, and Sowthistle yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus, respectively. Established species Maize fine streak nucleorhabdovirus was assigned to genus Gammanucleorhabdovirus and renamed Maize fine streak gammanucleorhabdovirus (TaxoProp 2019.031M.Ac.v1.Nucleorhabdovirus_splitgen).

Three new species were established in genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus:

Morogoro maize-associated alphanucleorhabdovirus for Morogoro maize-associated virus (MMaV) first detected by HTS in maize (Zea mays L.) sampled in Morogoro, Morogoro Region, Tanzania [97];
Physostegia chlorotic mottle alphanucleorhabdovirus for Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV) first isolated from lionhearts (Physostegia sp.) in Austria [76]; and
Wheat yellow striate alphanucleorhabdovirus for wheat yellow striate virus (WYSV) first isolated from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sampled in Hánchéng (韩城), Shǎnxī/Shaanxi Province (陕西省), China [61] (TaxoProp 2019.031M.Ac.v1.Nucleorhabdovirus_splitgen).

Three new species were established in genus Betanucleorhabdovirus:

Alfalfa betanucleorhabdovirus for alfalfa-associated nucleorhabdovirus (AaNV) first discovered by HTS in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sampled in Stadl-Paura, Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), Austria [36];
Blackcurrant betanucleorhabdovirus for blackcurrant-associated rhabdovirus (BCaRV) first discovered by HTS in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) sampled in Russia [138]; and
Trefoil betanucleorhabdovirus for birds-foot trefoil-associated virus (BFTV) first discovered by HTS in Bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) sampled in the Qínlǐng Mountains (秦岭山), Shǎnxī/Shaanxi Province (陕西省), China [26, 131] (TaxoProp 2019.031M.Ac.v1.Nucleorhabdovirus_splitgen).

One new genus, Arurhavirus, was established to include four species:

Aruac arurhavirus for Aruac virus (ARUV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Trichoprosopon theobaldi Lane and Cerqueira, 1942) collected in Melaju Forest, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago [110, 126];
Inhangapi arurhavirus for Inhangapi virus (INHV) first isolated from sandflies (Lutzomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942)) collected in Catu Forest, Belém, Pará State, Brazil [3, 126];
Santabarbara arurhavirus for Santa Barbara virus (SBAV) first in mice sampled in Santa Bárbara do Pará, Pará State, Brazil [unpublished]; and
Xiburema arurhavirus for Xiburema virus (XIBV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Sabethes intermedius (Lutz, 1904)) sampled in Sena Madureira, Acre State, Brazil [51, 132] (2019.006M.A.v1.Arurhavirus_1gen4sp).

One new genus, Barhavirus, was established to include two new species:

Bahia barhavirus for Bahia Grande virus (BGV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Psorophora spp.) collected in Texas, Louisiana, New Mexico, and North Dakota, USA [52, 126]; and also for Harlingen virus (HARV) first isolates from a isolated from salt marsh mosquitoes (Culex salinarius Coquillett, 1904) sampled in Harlingen, Texas, USA [126].
Muir barhavirus for Muir Springs virus (MSV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Aedes sp.) collected in Fort Morgan, Colorado, USA [52, 126] (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new genus, Lostrhavirus, was established to include new species Lonestar zarhavirus [sic] for lone star tick rhabdovirus (LSTRV) first detected by HTS in lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus, 1758)) collected in the USA [unpublished] (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new genus, Mousrhavirus, was established to include the previously established species Moussa virus (now renamed Moussa mousrhavirus) (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new genus, Ohlsrhavirus, was established to include five new species:

Culex ohlsrhavirus for Culex rhabdo-like virus (CRLV) first discovered by HTS in southern house mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823) collected near Perth, Western Australia, Australia [107];
Northcreek ohlsrhavirus for North Creek virus (NORCV) first discovered by HTS in mosquitoes (Culex sitiens Wiedemann, 1828) collected in Ballina, New South Wales, Australia [23];
Ohlsdorf ohlsrhavirus for Ohlsdorf virus (OHLDV) first discovered by HTS in mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus cantans (Meigen, 1818)) collected in Hamburg, Germany [105];
Riverside ohlsrhavirus for riverside virus (RISV) first discovered by HTS in mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus sp.) collected in Gemenc, Gyékényes, and Drávaszabolcs, Hungary [98]; and
Tongilchon ohlsrhavirus for Tongilchon virus 1 (TCHV-1) first detected in mosquitoes (Culex bitaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901) collected in Tongil-chon (통일촌), Gyeonggi Province (경기도), South Korea [39] (TaxoProp 2019.032M.N.v1.Ohlsrhavirus_1gen5sp).

One new genus, Sawgrhavirus, was established to include four new species:

Connecticut sawgrhavirus for Connecticut virus (CNTV) first isolated from ticks (Ixodes dentatus Marx, 1899) taken from an eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus (J. A. Allen, 1890)) captured in Lyme, Connecticut, USA [67, 126];
Island sawgrhavirus for Long Island tick rhabdovirus (LITRV) first detected by HTS in lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus, 1758)) collected on Long Island, New York, USA [119];
Minto sawgrhavirus for New Minto virus (NMV) first isolated from rabbit ticks (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris Packard, 1869) sampled in New Minto, Alaska, USA [99, 126]; and
Sawgrass sawgrhavirus for Sawgrass virus (SAWV) isolated from American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821)) sampled at Sawgrass Lake, Tampa Bay, Florida, USA [102, 126] (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new genus, Sunrhavirus, was established to accommodate six novel species:

Garba sunrhavirus for Garba virus (GARV) first isolated from a malachite kingfisher (Corythornis cristatus (Pallas, 1764)) trapped in Bangui, Central African Republic [51, 126];
Harrison sunrhavirus for Harrison Dam virus (HARDV) first isolated from common banded mosquitoes (Culex annulirostris Skuse, 1889) collected at Beatrice Hill, Northern Territory, Australia [71];
Kwatta sunrhavirus for Kwatta virus (KWAV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Culex sp.) collected near Paramaribo, Suriname [25, 126];
Oakvale sunrhavirus for Oak Vale virus (OVV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Culex edwardsi Barraud, 1923) sampled in Peachester, Queensland, Australia [77, 96];
Sunguru sunrhavirus for Sunguru virus (SUNV) first isolated from a domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Arua District, Northern Region, Uganda [58]; and
Walkabout sunrhavirus for Walkabout Creek virus (WACV) first isolated from biting midges (Culicoides austropalpalis Lee and Reye, 1955) collected near Samford, Queensland, Australia [71] (2019.004M.A.v2.Sunrhavirus).

One new genus, Zarhavirus, was created for one new species, Zahedan zarhavirus, for Zahedan rhabdovirus (ZARV) first isolated from ticks (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Koch, 1844)) collected in Zâhedân Inline graphic , Sistan and Baluchestan Province , Iran [28] (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new species, Taiwan bat lyssavirus, was added to genus Lyssavirus for Taiwan bat lyssavirus (TWBLV) first isolated from a Japanese pipistrelle (Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1838)) sampled in Taiwan [45] (TaxoProp 2019.001M.A.v1.Lyssavirus).

Genus Cytorhabdovirus was expanded by 12 species:

Cabbage cytorhabdovirus for cabbage cytorhabdovirus 1 (CCyV-1) first discovered by HTS in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) sampled in the UK [89];
Maize-associated cytorhabdovirus for maize-associated cytorhabdovirus (MaCV) first discovered by HTS in maize (Zea mays L.) collected in Lima, Peru [133];
Maize yellow striate cytorhabdovirus for maize yellow striate virus (MYSV) first discovered by HTS in maize (Zea mays L.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected in Sinsacate, Córdoba Province, Argentina [70];
Papaya cytorhabdovirus for papaya virus E (PpVE) first discovered by HTS in papaya (Carica papaya L.) sampled in Los Ríos Province, Ecuador [73];
Persimmon cytorhabdovirus for persimmon virus A (PeVA) first discovered by HTS in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) sampled in Japan [47];
Raspberry vein chlorosis cytorhabdovirus for raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV) first discovered by HTS in red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) sampled in Dundee, Scotland, UK [50];
Rice stripe mosaic cytorhabdovirus for rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) first discovered by HTS in rice (Oryza sativa L.) sampled in Luódìng (罗定), Guǎngdōng Province (广东省), China [147];
Tomato yellow mottle-associated cytorhabdovirus for tomato yellow mottle-associated virus (TYMaV) first discovered by HTS in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) sampled in Chóngqìng (重庆), China [141];
Wuhan 4 insect cytorhabdovirus for Wuhan insect virus 4 (WuIV-4) first discovered by HTS in mealy plum aphids (Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762)) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [59];
Wuhan 5 insect cytorhabdovirus for Wuhan insect virus 5 (WuIV-5) first discovered by HTS in mealy plum aphids (Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762)) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [59];
Wuhan 6 insect cytorhabdovirus for Wuhan insect virus 6 (WuIV-6) first discovered by HTS in mealy plum aphids (Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762)) sampled in Wǔhàn (武汉), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [59]; and
Yerba mate chlorosis-associated cytorhabdovirus for yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus (YmCaV) [12] first discovered by HTS in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) sampled in Cerro Azul, Misiones Province, Argentina (TaxoProps 2019.002M.A.v3.Cytorhabdovirus and 2019.030M.A.v1.Cytorhabovirus_12newsp).

One new species, Holmes hapavirus, was added to genus Hapavirus for Holmes Jungle virus (HOJV) first isolated from common banded mosquitoes (Culex annulirostris Skuse, 1889) collected near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia [38] (2019.003M.A.v3.Hapavirus).

Three new species were added to genus Sripuvirus:

Charleville sripuvirus for Charleville virus (CHVV) first isolated from sandflies (Phlebotomus sp.) collected in Charleville, Queensland, Australia [29, 123];
Cuiaba sripuvirus for Cuiaba virus (CUIV) isolated from a cane toad (Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)) captured in Pará State, Brazil [51, 123]; and
Hainan sripuvirus for Hainan black-spectacled toad rhabdovirus (HnBSTRV) first detected by HTS in an Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)) sampled in Hǎinán Province (海南省), China [108] (TaxoProp 2019.013M.A.v1.Sripuvirus_3newsp).

Taxonomic changes within order Muvirales (Haploviricotina: Chunqiuviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Serpentovirales (Haploviricotina: Milneviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Articulavirales (Polyploviricotina: Insthoviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Bunyavirales (Polyploviricotina: Ellioviricetes)

Family Arenaviridae

Genus Hartmanivirus was expanded by three species: Muikkunen hartmanivirus for Dante Muikkunen virus 1 (DaMV-1), Schoolhouse hartmanivirus for old schoolhouse viruses 1 and 2 (OScV-1/2), and Zurich hartmanivirus for veterinary pathology Zurich viruses 1 and 2 (VPZV-1/2), all first detected by HTS in captive boid snakes [44] (TaxoProp 2019.008M.A.v2.Hartmanivirus_3new sp).

Genus Mammarenavirus was expanded by four species:

Alxa mammarenavirus for RtDs-AreV/IM2014 virus (here renamed Alxa virus [ALXV]) (TaxoProp 2019.020M.A.v2.1newsp_Alxa_mammarenavirus) first discovered by HTS in a Northern three-toed jerboa (Dipus sagitta (Pallas, 1773)) sampled in Alxa Left Banner (阿拉善左旗), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (内蒙古自治区), China [139, 140];
Chevrier mammarenavirus for Lìjiāng virus (LIJV) first discovered by HTS in a Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri (Milne-Edwards, 1868)) sampled around Lìjiāng (丽江), Yúnnán Province (云南省), China [unpublished] (TaxoProp 2019.009M.A.v2.Mammarenavirus_sp_LIJV);
Planalto mammarenavirus for Aporé virus (APOV) first discovered by HTS in a Mato Grosso colilargo (Oligoryzomys mattogrossae (J. A. Allen, 1916)) sampled in Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (TaxoProp 2019.010M.A.v1.Mammarenavirus_sp_APOV) [34]; and
Xapuri mammarenavirus for Xapuri virus (XAPV) first discovered by HTS in a Musser’s neacomys (Neacomys musseri Patton, da Silva, and Malcolm, 2000) sampled in Xapuri, Acre State, Brazil [33] (TaxoProp 2019.005M.A.v1.Mammarenavirus_sp_XAPV).

Family Fimoviridae

Genus Emaravirus was expanded by two species: Blackberry leaf mottle associated emaravirus for blackberry leaf mottle-associated virus (BLMaV) first discovered in blackberries (Rubus spp.) collected in various US states (TaxoProp 2019.010P.A.v1.Emaravirus_1sp) [41] and Pistacia emaravirus B for pistacia virus B (PiVB) discovered by HTS in pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) sampled in Turkey [18] (TaxoProp 2019.011P.A.v1.Emaravirus_1sp).

Family Hantaviridae

Genus Loanvirus was expanded by one species, Brno loanvirus, for Brno virus (BRNV) first discovered by HTS in a noctule (Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774)) sampled in Brno, South Moravia Region (Jihomoravský kraj), Czech Republic [112] (TaxoProp 2019.017M.A.v3.1newsp_Brno_virus).

Family Peribunyaviridae

Genus Pacuvirus was expanded by two species: new species Caimito pacuvirus for Caimito virus (CAIV) first isolated from sandflies (Nyssomyia ylephiletor (Fairchild and Hertig, 1952)) sampled in El Aguacate, Panamá Province, Panama [46, 116] (TaxoProp 2019.022M.A.v2.2sp_Pacuvirus) and Chilibre pacuvirus (the former Chilibre phlebovirus, renamed and moved from genus Phlebovirus) (TaxoProps 2019.022M.A.v2.2sp_Pacuvirus and 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Family Phasmaviridae

The previously established genus Inshuvirus and its included species Insect inshuvirus were both abolished due to insufficient member virus information (TaxoProp 2019.028M.A.v2.Phasmaviridae_1newsp_abol1gen3sp).

New species Anopheles orthophasmavirus was included in genus Orthophasmavirus for Anopheles triannulatus orthophasmavirus (AtOPV) first discovered by HTS in mosquitoes (Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva and Pinto, 1922)) sampled in Santa Bárbara Farm, Amapá State, Brazil [103]. Two species, Nome phantom orthophasmavirus and Seattle orthophasmavirus, were abolished (TaxoProp 2019.028M.A.v2.Phasmaviridae_1newsp_abol1gen3sp).

Family Phenuiviridae

The previously unassigned genus Coguvirus was included in family Phenuiviridae (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp). One new species, Coguvirus eburi, was created in the genus for citrus virus A (CiVA) first discovered by HTS in a sweet orange tree in Italy [78] (2019.004P.A.v1.Coguvirus_1sp).

Genus Banyangvirus and included species Huaiyangshan banyangvirus, Guertu banyangvirus, and Heartland banyangvirus were renamed Bandavirus, Dabie bandavirus, Guertu bandavirus, and Heartland bandavirus, respectively (TaxoProps 2019.015M.A.v1.Bandavirus and 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp). Four new bandavirus species were added to the genus:

Bhanja bandavirus for Bhanja virus (BHAV) first isolated from flat-inner-spurred haemaphysalids (Haemaphysalis intermedia Warburton and Nuttall, 1909) sampled in Orissa State, India [27, 104];
Hunter Island bandavirus for Hunter Island virus (HUIV) first isolated from ticks (Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885) sampled on Albatross Island, Tasmania, Australia [130];
Kismaayo bandavirus for Kismaayo virus (KISV; name corrected from the previously circulating “Kismayo virus” and “Kisemayo virus”) first isolated from yellow back ticks (Rhipicephalus pulchellus (Gerstäcker, 1873)) sampled in Kismaayo, Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) Region, Somalia [149]; and
Lone Star bandavirus [sic] for lone star virus (LSV) first isolated from lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Kentucky, USA [54, 114] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Genus Entovirus was created for one new species, Entoleuca entovirus, for Entoleuca phenui-like virus 1 (EnPLV-1) first discovered by HTS in Entoleuca sp. fungi sampled in Málaga Province, Spain [124] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Genus Kabutovirus and included species Kabuto mountain kabutovirus and Huangpi kabutovirus were renamed Uukuvirus, Kabuto mountain uukuvirus, and Huangpi uukuvirus, respectively. The established species Uukuniemi phlebovirus was moved into genus Uukuvirus and renamed Uukuniemi uukuvirus. 14 new species were established in genus Uukuvirus:

American dog uukuvirus for American dog tick virus (ADAV) first detected by HTS in American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821)) sampled in Heckscher State Park, New York, USA [120];
Dabieshan uukuvirus for Dàbiéshān tick virus (DbsTV) first discovered by HTS in Asian longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901) collected in the Dàbié Mountains (大別山), China [59];
Grand Arbaud uukuvirus for Grand Arbaud virus (GAV) first isolated from ticks (Argas reflexus (Fabricius, 1794)) sampled in Bouches-du-Rhône Department, France [40, 85];
Kaisodi uukuvirus for Kaisodi virus (KASDV) first isolated from hard-bodied ticks (Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann, 1897) sampled in Mysore State, India [14, 88, 144];
Lihan uukuvirus for Lǐhán tick virus (LITV) first discovered by HTS in Asian blue ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888)) sampled in Lǐhán (李韩), Húběi Province (湖北省), China [59];
Murre uukuvirus for murre virus (MURV) first isolated from common murres (Uria aalge (Pontoppidan, 1763)) sampled in Alaska, USA [85];
Pacific coast uukuvirus for Pacific coast tick virus (PACTV) first discovered by HTS in Pacific coast ticks (Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, 1892) sampled in Mendocino County, California, USA [17];
Precarious Point uukuvirus for Precarious Point virus (PPV) first isolated from seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae White, 1852) sampled on Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia [85, 111];
Rukutama uukuvirus for Rukutama virus (RUKV) first isolated from seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae White, 1852) sampled on Tûlenij/Tyuleny Island (Остров Тюлений), Sakhalin Oblast (Сахалинская область), Russia [63, 150];
Schmidt uukuvirus for EgAn 1825–61 virus (here renamed Nile warbler virus [NIWV]) first isolated from a willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Nile Delta, Egypt [85];
Silverwater uukuvirus for Silverwater virus (SILV) first isolated from rabbit ticks (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris Packard, 1869) sampled near Powassan, Ontario, Canada [69, 72];
Tacheng uukuvirus for Tǎchéng tick virus 2 (TcTV-2) first discovered by HTS in ticks (Dermacentor marginatus Sulzer, 1776) sampled in China [59];
Yongjia uukuvirus for Yǒngjiā tick virus 1 (YjTV-1) first discovered by HTS in East Asian mountain haemaphysalids (Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897) in China [59]; and
Zaliv Terpeniya uukuvirus for Zaliv Terpeniya virus (ZTV) first isolated from seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae White, 1852) sampled on Tyuleny Island (Тюлений oстров) in the Gulf of Patience (Залив Терпения), Sakhalin Oblast (Сахалинская область) and Commander Islands (Командорские острова), Kamchatka Krai (Камчатский край), RSFSR, USSR [62, 151] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Genus Ixovirus was established for the three new species:

Blackleg ixovirus for blacklegged tick phlebovirus 1, here renamed blacklegged tick virus 1 (BLTV-1), first discovered by HTS in deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) sampled in Heckscher State Park, New York, USA [120];
Norway ixovirus for Norway phlebovirus 1, here renamed Fairhair virus (FHAV), first discovered by HTS in castor bean ticks (Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Norway [91]; and
Scapularis ixovirus for blacklegged tick phlebovirus 3, here renamed blacklegged tick virus 3 (BLTV-3), first discovered by HTS in deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) sampled in Heckscher State Park, New York, USA [120] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Genus Lentinuvirus was created for one new species, Lentinula lentinuvirus, for Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 2 (LeNSRV-2) first discovered by HTS in shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (1976)) sampled in Japan [60] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

In genus Phlebovirus, established species Sandfly fever Naples phlebovirus was renamed Naples phlebovirus. The genus was expanded by 53 new species (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp):

Adana phlebovirus for Adana virus (ADAV) first isolated from Phlebotomus spp. sandflies sampled in Adana, Adana Province (Adana ili), Turkey [4];
Aguacate phlebovirus for Aguacate virus (AGUV) first isolated from Lutzomyia spp. sandflies sampled in El Aguacate, Panamá Province, Panama [82, 116];
Alcube phlebovirus for Alcube virus (ACBV) first isolated from sandflies (Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911) sampled around Arrábida, Portugal [10];
Alenquer phlebovirus for Alenquer virus (ALEV) first isolated from a human in Ramal das Pias, Alenquer, Pará State, Brazil [83, 122];
Ambe phlebovirus for Ambe virus (ABEV) first isolated from psychodid sandflies sampled near Altamira, Pará State, Brazil [80, 118];
Anhanga phlebovirus for Anhangá virus (ANHV) first isolated from a Linnaeus’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Castanhal Forest, Pará State, Brazil [80];
Arumowot phlebovirus for Arumowot virus (AMTV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Culex antennatus (Becker, 1903)) sampled in Sudan [13, 84];
Buenaventura phlebovirus for Buenaventura virus (BUEV) first isolated in 1984 from Lutzomyia sp. sandflies sampled in Rio Raposo, Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia [87, 116];
Cacao phlebovirus for Cacao virus (CACV) first isolated from sandflies (Nyssomyia trapidoi (Fairchild and Hertig, 1952)) sampled in El Aguacate, Panamá Province, Panama [87, 116];
Campana phlebovirus for Campana virus (CMAV) first isolated from phlebotomine sandflies sampled in El Aguacate, Panamá Province, Panama [87];
Chagres phlebovirus for Chagres virus (CHGV) first isolated from a human sampled at Fort Sherman, Canal Zone/Cólon Province, Panama [90];
Cocle phlebovirus for Coclé virus (CCLV) first isolated from a human sampled in Penonomé, Coclé Province, Panama [87];
Dashli phlebovirus for Dāshlī virus (DASV) first isolated from Sergentomyia sp. sandflies sampled in Dāshlīborun , Golestān Province , Iran [6];
Durania phlebovirus for Durania virus (DRNV) first isolated from sandflies sampled in 1986 near Durania, North Santander Department, Colombia [82, 118];
Echarate phlebovirus for Echarate virus (ECHV) first isolated from a human sampled in Cusco, Peru [83];
Gabek phlebovirus for Gabek Forest virus (GFV) first isolated from a northeast African spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus (É. Geoffroy, 1803)) sampled in Gabek Forest, near Paloich, Sudan [86];
Gordil phlebovirus for Gordil virus (GORV) first isolated from a typical lemniscomys (Lemniscomys striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)) sampled in Gordil, Vakaga Prefecture, Central African Republic [86];
Icoaraci phlebovirus for Icoaraci virus (ICOV) first isolated from from an unidentified forest rat sampled in Belém, Pará State, Brazil [19, 142];
Itaituba phlebovirus for Itaituba virus (ITAV) first isolated from a common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758) trapped at the Tapacurazinho stream, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil [83, 122];
Itaporanga phlebovirus for Itaporanga virus (ITPV) first isolated from a sentinel Swiss mouse collected in Itaporanga, São Paulo State, Brazil [46, 121];
Ixcanal phlebovirus for Ixcanal virus (IXCV) first isolated from Lutzomyia sp. sandflies sampled in Aldea Ixcanal and Aldea Puerta, El Progreso Department, Guatemala [82, 118];
Karimabad phlebovirus for Karimabad virus (KARV) first isolated from Phlebotomus sp. sandflies in Karīmābād , Khūzestān Province , Iran [86];
La Gloria phlebovirus for La Gloria virus (LAGV) first discovered by HTS in phlebotomine sandflies sampled near La Gloria village, Panama Canal area, central Panama [68];
Lara phlebovirus for GGP-2011a virus (here renamed Rio Claro virus [RICV]) first isolated from a sentinel hamster sampled in Venezuela [unpublished];
Leticia phlebovirus for Leticia virus (LETV) first isolated from sandflies sampled in Leticia, Amazonas Department, Colombia [87];
Maldonado phlebovirus for Maldonado virus (MLOV) first isolated from a human sampled in Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios Region, Peru [83];
Massilia phlebovirus for Massilia virus (MASV) first isolated from sandflies (Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911) sampled in Marseille and Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, France [20, 86];
Medjerda phlebovirus for Medjerda Valley virus (MVV) first isolated from phlebotomine sandflies sampled at an archaeological site in Bizerte Governorate, Tunisia [15];
Mona Grita phlebovirus for Mona Grita virus (MOGV) first discovered by HTS in sandflies (Nyssomyia trapidoi (Fairchild and Hertig, 1952)) sampled on Isla Mona Grita, Panama Canal, central Panama [68];
Munguba phlebovirus for Munguba virus (MUNV) first isolated from sandflies (Nyssomyia umbratilis (Ward and Fraiha, 1977)) sampled in Monte Dourado, Pará State, Brazil [80, 122];
Nique phlebovirus for Nique virus (NIQV) first isolated from sandflies (Lutzomyia panamensis (Shannon, 1926)) sampled in Cerro Nique, Darién Province, Panama [83, 117];
Ntepes phlebovirus for Ntepes virus (NTPV) first isolated from Sergentomyia sp. sandflies sampled near Ntepes village, Marigat District, Baringo County, Kenya [115];
Odrenisrou phlebovirus for Odrénisrou virus (ODRV) first isolated from mosquitoes (Culex albiventris Edwards, 1922) collected in the forest of Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire [84];
Oriximina phlebovirus for Oriximiná virus (ORXV) first isolated from Lutzomyia sp. sandflies sampled in Saracazinho, Pará State, Brazil [83, 122];
Pena Blanca phlebovirus for Peña Blanca virus (PEBV) first discovered by HTS in sandflies sampled on Peña Blanca peninsula, Panama Canal, central Panama [68];
Punique phlebovirus for Punique virus (PUNV) first isolated from sandflies (Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911 and Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930) sampled in Tunis, Tunisia [86];
Rio Grande phlebovirus for Rio Grande virus (RGV) first isolated from a Southern Plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus Baird, 1855) sampled in Texas, USA [46];
Saint Floris phlebovirus for Saint-Floris virus (SAFV) first isolated from a gerbil sampled in Gordil, Vakaga Prefecture, Central African Republic [86];
Salanga phlebovirus for Salanga virus (SLGV) first isolated from a Hinde’s aethomys (Aethomys hindei (Thomas, 1902)) collected in Salanga, Ombella-M’Poko Prefecture, Central African Republic [51, 148];
Salobo phlabovirus [sic] for Salobo virus (SLBOV) first isolated from a Guyenne spiny-rat (Proechimys guyannensis (E. Geoffroy, 1803)) in Pará State, Brazil [142];
Sicilian phlebovirus for sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) first isolated from a human sampled in Palermo Province, Sicily Region, Italy [101, 137];
Tapara phlebovirus for Tapará virus (TPRV) first isolated from phlebotomine sandflies in Altamira, Pará State, Brazil [80];
Tehran phlebovirus for Tehran virus (THEV) first isolated from sandflies (Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786)) sampled in Tehran, Iran [86];
Tico phebovirus [sic] for Tico virus (TICV) discovered by HTS in sandflies sampled in Panama Canal area, central Panama [68];
Toros phlebovirus for Toros virus (TORV) first discovered by HTS in sandflies sampled in Damyeri, Adana Province (Adana ili), Turkey [5];
Toscana phlebovirus for Toscana virus (TOSV) first isolated from sandflies (Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911) in Toscany, Italy [86, 125];
Tres Almendras virus for Tres Almendra virus (TRAV) first discovered by HTS in sandflies (Psychodopygus panamensis (Shannon, 1926)) sampled on Tres Almendras Islands, Panama Canal area, central Panama [68];
Turuna phlebovirus for Turuna virus (TUAV) first isolated from Lutzomyia sp. sandflies sampled in Cachoeira Porteira, Pará State, Brazil [83, 122];
Uriurana phlebovirus for Uriurana virus (URIV) first isolated from phlebotomine sandflies in Tucuruí, Pará State, Brazil [80];
Urucuri phlebovirus for Urucuri virus (URUV) first isolated from a Guyenne spiny-rat (Proechimys guyannensis (E. Geoffroy, 1803)) in Utinga Forest, Belém, Pará State, Brazil [80, 122];
Viola phlebovirus for viola virus (VIOV) first discovered by HTS in sandflies (Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912)) sampled in Pirizal, Mato Grosso State, Brazil [24]; and
Zerdali phlebovirus for Zerdali virus (ZERV) first discovered by HTS in sandflies sampled in Zerdali, Adana Province (Adana ili), Turkey [5].

Genus Rubodvirus was created for the two new species Apple rubodvirus 1 and 2 to accommodate apple rubbery wood viruses 1 and 2 (ARWV-1/2), respectively, first discovered using HTS in apple trees (Malus sp.) sampled in Germany and USA [100] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

One new species, Melon tenuivirus, was added to genus Tenuivirus for melon chlorotic spot virus (MeCSV) first isolated from muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) sampled in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Region, France [57].

Genus Wubeivirus was abolished and its two species, Fly wubeivirus and Dipteran wubeivirus, were moved into genus Phasivirus and renamed Fly phasivirus and Dipteran phasivirus, respectively (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Family Tospoviridae

The overlooked adjustment of 12 tospovirid species names to correct non-Latinized binomials was implemented (TaxoProp 2019.016M.A.v1.Corrections).

Eight new species were created in genus Orthotospovirus:

Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus for Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus (ANSV) first isolated from ornamental crops (Alstroemeria sp.) sampled in Colombia [42];
Alstroemeria yellow spot orthotospovirus for Alstroemeria yellow spot virus (AYSV) first isolated from ornamental crops (Alstroemeria sp.) imported to and sampled in the Netherlands [43];
Groundnut chlorotic fan spot orthotospovirus for groundnut chlorotic fan-spot virus (GCFSV) first isolated from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) sampled in Taiwan [21];
Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot orthotospovirus for Hippeastrum chlorotic spot virus (HCRV) first isolated from amaryllis (Hippeastrum sp.) and spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb.) sampled in southwestern China [31, 143];
Mulberry vein banding associated orthotospovirus for mulberry vein banding-associated virus (MVBaV) discovered first by HTS in mulberry (Morus alba L.) sampled in Guǎngxī Zhuàng Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区), China in 2011 [74, 75];
Pepper chlorotic spot orthotospovirus for pepper chlorotic spot virus (PCSV) first isolated from sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Taiwan [22];
Tomato yellow ring orthotospovirus for tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV) first isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Iran [134]; and
Tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus for tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) first isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) sampled in Yúnnán Province (云南省), China [30] (TaxoProp 2019.006P.A.v1.Orthotospovirus_8sp).

SUMMARY

A summary of the current, ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the phylum Negarnaviricota is presented in Table 1 (Goujianvirales), Table 2 (Jingchuvirales), Table 3 (Mononegavirales), Table 4 (Muvirales), Table 5 (Serpentovirales), Table 6 (Articulavirales), and Table 7 (Bunyavirales).

Table 1.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Goujianvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Yunchangviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Yueviridae
Yuyuevirus	Beihai yuyuevirus^*	Běihǎi sesarmid crab virus 3 (BhSCV-3)
	Shahe yuyuevirus	Shāhé yuèvirus-like virus 1 (ShYLV-1)

Open in a new tab

Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

type species

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Virus names are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization. Lists of viruses within a given species are provisional at this point and will likely be amended in the near future.

Table 2.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Jingchuvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Chuviridae
Mivirus	Argas mivirus	Tǎchéng tick virus 4 (TcTV-4)
	Barnacle mivirus^*	Běihǎi barnacle virus 9 (BhBV-9)
	Beetle mivirus	Húběi coleoptera virus 3 (HbCV-3)
	Bole mivirus	Bólè tick virus 3 (BTV-3)
	Brunnich mivirus	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 14 (WlCV-14)
	Changping mivirus	Chāngpíng tick virus 2 (CpTV-2)
	Charybdis mivirus	Wēnzhōu crab virus 3 (WzCV-3)
	Cockroach mivirus	Wǔchāng cockroach virus 3 (WcLFV-3)
	Crab mivirus	Wēnzhōu crab virus 2 (WzCV-2)
	Crustacean mivirus	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 13 (WlCV-13)
	Dermacentor mivirus	Chāngpíng tick virus 3 (CpTV-3)
		Tǎchéng tick virus 5 (TcTV-5)
	Hermit mivirus	Běihǎi hermit crab virus 3 (BhHCV-3)
	Hippoboscid mivirus	Wǔhàn louse fly virus 7 (WhLFV-7)
	Hubei mivirus	Húběi chuvirus-like virus 1 (HbCLV-1)
	Hubei odonate mivirus	Húběi chuvirus-like virus 3 (HbCLV-3)
	Imjin mivirus	Imjin River virus 1 (IjRV-1)
	Lacewing mivirus	Shuāngào insect virus 5 (SgIV-5)
	Lishi mivirus	Líshí spider virus 1 (LsSV-1)
	Lonestar mivirus	lone star tick chuvirus 1 (LSTCV-1)
	Louse fly mivirus	Wǔhàn louse fly virus 6 (WhLFV-6)
	Mosquito mivirus	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 8 (WhMV-8)
	Myriapod mivirus	Húběi myriapoda virus 8 (HbMV-8)
	Odonate mivirus	Húběi odonate virus 11 (HbOV-11)
	Sanxia mivirus	Sānxiá atyid shrimp virus 4 (SxASC-4)
	Shayang mivirus	Shāyáng fly virus 1 (SyFV-1)
	Suffolk mivirus	Suffolk virus (SFKV)
	Taiyuan mivirus	Tàiyuán leafhopper virus (TYLeV)
	Wenling mivirus	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 15 (WlCV-15)
	Wuhan mivirus	Wǔhàn tick virus 2 (WhTV-2)
	Xinzhou mivirus	Xīnzhōu nematode virus 5 (XzNV-5)

Open in a new tab

Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

type species

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Table 3.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Artoviridae
Hexartovirus	Barnacle hexartovirus	Běihǎi barnacle virus 8 (BhBV-8)
	Caligid hexartovirus^*	Lepeophtheirus salmonis negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (LsNSRV-1)
Peropuvirus	Beihai peropuvirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 1 (BhRLV-1)
	Hubei peropuvirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 6 (HbRLV-6)
	Odonate peropuvirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 8 (HbRLV-8)
	Pillworm peropuvirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 5 (HbRLV-5)
	Pteromalus puparum peropuvirus^*	Pteromalus puparum negative-strand RNA virus 1 (PpNSRV-1)
	Woodlouse peropuvirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 2 (BhRLV-2)
Family Bornaviridae
Carbovirus	Queensland carbovirus^*	jungle carpet python virus (JCPV)
	Southwest carbovirus	southwest carpet python virus (SWCPV)
Cultervirus	Sharpbelly cultervirus^*	Wǔhàn sharpbelly bornavirus (WhSBV)
Orthobornavirus	Elapid 1 orthobornavirus	Loveridge’s garter snake virus 1 (LGSV-1)
	Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus^*	Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1)
		Borna disease virus 2 (BoDV-2)
	Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus	variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1)
	Passeriform 1 orthobornavirus	canary bornavirus 1 (CnBV-1)
		canary bornavirus 2 (CnBV-2)
		canary bornavirus 3 (CnBV-3)
	Passeriform 2 orthobornavirus	estrildid finch bornavirus 1 (EsBV-1)
	Psittaciform 1 orthobornavirus	parrot bornavirus 1 (PaBV-1)
		parrot bornavirus 2 (PaBV-2)
		parrot bornavirus 3 (PaBV-3)
		parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4)
		parrot bornavirus 7 (PaBV-7)
	Psittaciform 2 orthobornavirus	parrot bornavirus 5 (PaBV-5)
	Waterbird 1 orthobornavirus	aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1)
		aquatic bird bornavirus 2 (ABBV-2)
Family Filoviridae
Cuevavirus	Lloviu cuevavirus^*	Lloviu virus (LLOV)
Dianlovirus	Mengla dianlovirus^*	Měnglà virus (MLAV)
Ebolavirus	Bombali ebolavirus	Bombali virus (BOMV)
	Bundibugyo ebolavirus	Bundibugyo virus (BDBV)
	Reston ebolavirus	Reston virus (RESTV)
	Sudan ebolavirus	Sudan virus (SUDV)
	Tai Forest ebolavirus	Taï Forest virus (TAFV)
	Zaire ebolavirus^*	Ebola virus (EBOV)
Marburgvirus	Marburg marburgvirus^*	Marburg virus (MARV)
		Ravn virus (RAVV)
Striavirus	Xilang striavirus^*	Xīlǎng virus (XILV)
Thamnovirus	Huangjiao thamnovirus^*	Huángjiāo virus (HUJV)
Family Lispiviridae
Arlivirus	Gerrid arlivirus	Sānxiá water strider virus 4 (SxWSV-4)
	Hubei arlivirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 3 (HbRLV-3)
	Lishi arlivirus^*	Líshí spider virus 2 (LsSV-2)
	Odonate arlivirus	Húběi odonate virus 10 (HbOV-10)
	Tacheng arlivirus	Tǎchéng tick virus 6 (TcTV-6)
	Wuchang arlivirus	Wǔchāng romanomermis nematode virus 2 (WcRNV-2)
Family Mymonaviridae
Hubramonavirus	Hubei hubramonavirus^*	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 4 (HbRLV-4)
	Lentinula hubramonavirus	Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 1 (LeNSRV-1)
Sclerotimonavirus	Dadou sclerotimonavirus	soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 3 (SLaNSRV-3)
	Drop sclerotimonavirus	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (SsNSRV-2)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 4 (SsNSRV-4)
	Glycine sclerotimonavirus	Fusarium graminearum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (FgNSRV-1)
		soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SLaNSRV-1)
	Hubei sclerotimonavirus [sic]¹
	Illinois sclerotimonavirus	soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (SLaNSRV-2)
	Phyllosphere sclerotimonavirus	soybean leaf-associated negative-stranded RNA virus 4 (SLaNSRV-4)
	Sclerotinia sclerotimonavirus^*	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SsNSRV-1)
		Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 3 (SsNSRV-3)
Family Nyamiviridae
Berhavirus	Beihai berhavirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 4 (BhRLV-4)
	Echinoderm berhavirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 5 (BhRLV-5)
	Sipunculid berhavirus^*	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 3 (BhRLV-3)
Crustavirus	Beihai crustavirus	Běihǎi rhabdo-like virus 6 (BhRLV-6)
	Wenling crustavirus	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 12 (WlCV-12)
	Wenzhou crustavirus^*	Wēnzhōu crab virus 1 (WzCV-1)
Nyavirus	Midway nyavirus	Midway virus (MIDWV)
	Nyamanini nyavirus^*	Nyamanini virus (NYMV)
	Sierra Nevada nyavirus	Sierra Nevada virus (SNVV)
Orinovirus	Orinoco orinovirus^*	Orinoco virus (ONCV)
Socyvirus	Soybean cyst nematode socyvirus^*	soybean cyst nematode virus 1 (SbCNV-1)
Tapwovirus	Tapeworm tapwovirus^*	Wēnzhōu tapeworm virus 1 (WzTWV-1)
Family Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily Avulavirinae
Metaavulavirus	Avian metaavulavirus 2^*	avian paramyxovirus 2 (APMV-2)
	Avian metaavulavirus 5	avian paramyxovirus 5 (APMV-5)
	Avian metaavulavirus 6	avian paramyxovirus 6 (APMV-6)
	Avian metaavulavirus 7	avian paramyxovirus 7 (APMV-7)
	Avian metaavulavirus 8	avian paramyxovirus 8 (APMV-8)
	Avian metaavulavirus 10	avian paramyxovirus 10 (APMV-10)
	Avian metaavulavirus 11	avian paramyxovirus 11 (APMV-11)
	Avian metaavulavirus 14	avian paramyxovirus 14 (APMV-14)
	Avian metaavulavirus 15	avian paramyxovirus 15 (APMV-15)
	Avian metaavulavirus 20	avian paramyxovirus 20 (APMV-20)
Orthoavulavirus	Avian orthoavulavirus 1^*	avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1)²
	Avian orthoavulavirus 9	avian paramyxovirus 9 (APMV-9)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 12	avian paramyxovirus 12 (APMV-12)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 13	avian paramyxovirus 13 (APMV-13)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 16	avian paramyxovirus 16 (APMV-16)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 17	Antarctic penguin virus A (APV-A)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 18	Antarctic penguin virus B (APV-B)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 19	Antarctic penguin virus C (APV-C)
	Avian orthoavulavirus 21	avian paramyxovirus 21 (APMV-21)
	Avian orthovulavirus 21 [sic]³
Paraavulavirus	Avian paraavulavirus 3^*	avian paramyxovirus 3 (APMV-3)
	Avian paraavulavirus 4	avian paramyxovirus 4 (APMV-4)
Subfamily Metaparamyxovirinae
Synodonvirus	Synodus synodonvirus^*	Wēnlǐng triplecross lizardfish paramyxovirus (WTLPV)
Subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae
A quaparamyxovirus	Oncorhynchus aquaparamyxovirus	Pacific salmon paramyxovirus (PSPV)
	Salmo aquaparamyxovirus^*	Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (AsaPV)
Ferlavirus	Reptilian ferlavirus^*	fer-de-lance virus (FDLV)
Henipavirus	Cedar henipavirus	Cedar virus (CedV)
	Ghanaian bat henipavirus	Ghana virus (GhV)
	Hendra henipavirus^*	Hendra virus (HeV)
	Mojiang henipavirus	Mòjiāng virus (MojV)
	Nipah henipavirus	Nipah virus (NiV)
Jeilongvirus	Beilong jeilongvirus^*	Beilong virus (BeiV)
	Jun jeilongvirus	J virus (JV)
	Lophuromys jeilongvirus 1	Mount Mabu Lophuromys virus 1 (MMLV-1)
	Lophuromys jeilongvirus 2	Mount Mabu Lophuromys virus 2 (MMLV-2)
	Miniopteran jeilongvirus	Shaan virus (ShaV)
	Myodes jeilongvirus	Pohorje Myodes paramyxovirus 1 (PMPV-1)
	Tailam jeilongvirus	Tailam virus (TaiV)
Morbillivirus	Canine morbillivirus	canine distemper virus (CDV)
	Cetacean morbillivirus	cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV)
	Feline morbillivirus	feline morbillivirus (FeMV)
	Measles morbillivirus^*	measles virus (MeV)
	Phocine morbillivirus	phocine distemper virus (PDV)
	Rinderpest morbillivirus	rinderpest virus (RPV)
	Small ruminant morbillivirus	peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV)
Narmovirus	Mossman narmovirus	Mossman virus (MossV)
	Myodes narmovirus	bank vole virus 1 (BaV-1)
	Nariva narmovirus^*	Nariva virus (NarV)
	Tupaia narmovirus	Tupaia paramyxovirus (TupV)
Respirovirus	Bovine respirovirus 3	bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3)
	Caprine respirovirus 3	caprine parainfluenzavirus 3 (CPIV-3)
	Human respirovirus 1	human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1)
	Human respirovirus 3	human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3)
	Murine respirovirus^*	Sendai virus (SeV)
	Porcine respirovirus 1	porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1)
	Squirrel respirovirus	giant squirrel virus (GSqV)
Salemvirus	Salem salemvirus^*	Salem virus (SalV)
Subfamily Rubulavirinae
Orthorubulavirus	Human orthorubulavirus 2	human parainfluenza virus 2 (HPIV-2)
	Human orthorubulavirus 4	human parainfluenza virus 4a (HPIV-4a)
		human parainfluenza virus 4b (HPIV-4b)
	Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5	parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV-5)
	Mammalian orthorubulavirus 6	Alston virus (AlsV)
	Mapuera orthorubulavirus	Mapuera virus (MapV)
	Mumps orthorubulavirus^*	mumps virus (MuV)
	Porcine orthorubulavirus	La Piedad Michoacan Mexico virus (LPMV)
	Simian orthorubulavirus	simian virus 41 (SV-41)
Pararubulavirus	Achimota pararubulavirus 1	Achimota virus 1 (AchPV-1)
	Achimotapararubulavirus 2	Achimota virus 2 (AchPV-2)
	Hervey pararubulavirus	Hervey virus (HerV)
	Menangle pararubulavirus^*	Menangle virus (MenPV)
	Sosuga pararubulavirus	Sosuga virus (SOSV)
	Teviot pararubulavirus	Teviot virus (TevPV)
	Tioman pararubulavirus	Tioman virus (TioPV)
	Tuhoko pararubulavirus 1	Tuhoko virus 1 (ThkPV-1)
	Tuhoko pararubulavirus 2	Tuhoko virus 2 (ThkPV-2)
	Tuhoko pararubulavirus 3	Tuhoko virus 3 (ThkPV-3)
Unassigned (to subfamilies)
Cynoglossusvirus	Cynoglossus cynoglossusvirus^*	Wēnlǐng tonguesole paramyxovirus (WTSPV)
Hoplichthysvirus	Hoplichthys hoplichthysvirus^*	Wēnlǐng hoplichthys paramyxovirus (WHPV)
Scoliodonvirus	Scoliodon scoliodonvirus^*	Wēnzhōu pacific spadenose shark paramyxovirus (WPSSPV)
Family Pneumoviridae
Metapneumovirus	Avian metapneumovirus^*	avian metapneumovirus (AMPV)
	Human metapneumovirus	human metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Orthopneumovirus	Bovine orthopneumovirus	bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
	Human orthopneumovirus^*	human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV)
	Murine orthopneumovirus	murine pneumonia virus (MPV)
Family Rhabdoviridae
Almendravirus	Arboretum almendravirus	Arboretum virus (ABTV)
	Balsa almendravirus	Balsa virus (BALV)
	Coot Bay almendravirus	Coot Bay virus (CBV)
	Menghai almendravirus	Menghai virus (MRV)
	Puerto Almendras almendravirus^*	Puerto Almendras virus (PTAMV)
	Rio Chico almendravirus	Rio Chico virus (RCHV)
Alphanemrhavirus	Xingshan alphanemrhavirus^*	Xingshan nematode virus 4 (XsNV-4)
	Xinzhou alphanemrhavirus	Xinzhou nematode virus 4 (XzNV-4)
Alphanucleorhabdovirus	Eggplant mottled dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus	eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV)
	Maize Iranian mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus	maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV)
	Maize mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus	maize mosaic virus (MMV)
	Morogoro maize-associated alphanucleorhabdovirus	Morogoro maize-associated virus (MMaV)
	Physostegia chlorotic mottle alphanucleorhabdovirus	Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV)
	Potato yellow dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus^*	potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV)
	Rice yellow stunt alphanucleorhabdovirus	rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV)
		rice transitory yellowing virus (RTYV)
	Taro vein chlorosis alphanucleorhabdovirus	taro vein chlorosis virus (TaVCV)
	Wheat yellow striate alphanucleorhabdovirus	wheat yellow striate virus (WYSV)
Arurhavirus	Aruac arurhavirus^*	Aruac virus (ARUV)
	Inhangapi arurhavirus	Inhangapi virus (INHV)
	Santabarbara arurhavirus	Santa Barbara virus (SBAV)
	Xiburema arurhavirus	Xiburema virus (XIBV)
Barhavirus	Bahia barhavirus^*	Bahia Grande virus (BGV)
		Harlingen virus (HARV)
	Muir barhavirus	Muir Springs virus (MSV)
Betanucleorhabdovirus	Alfalfa betanucleorhabdovirus	alfalfa-associated nucleorhabdovirus (AaNV)
	Blackcurrant betanucleorhabdovirus	blackcurrant-associated rhabdovirus (BCaRV)
	Datura yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus	datura yellow vein virus (DYVV)
	Sonchus yellow net betanucleorhabdovirus^*	Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV)
	Sowthistle yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus	sowthistle yellow vein virus (SYVV)
	Trefoil betanucleorhabdovirus	birds-foot trefoil-associated virus (BFTV)
Caligrhavirus	Caligus caligrhavirus	Caligus rogercresseyi rhabdovirus (CRogRV)
	Lepeophtheirus caligrhavirus^*	Lepeophtheirus salmonis rhabdovirus 127 (LSalRV-127)
	Salmonlouse caligrhavirus	Lepeophtheirus salmonis rhabdovirus 9 (LSalRV-9)
Curiovirus	Curionopolis curiovirus^*	Curionopolis virus (CURV)
	Iriri curiovirus	Iriri virus (IRIRV)
	Itacaiunas curiovirus	Itacaiunas virus (ITAV)
	Rochambeau curiovirus	Rochambeau virus (RBUV)
Cytorhabdovirus	Alfalfa dwarf cytorhabdovirus	alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV)
	Barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus	barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV)
	Broccoli necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus	broccoli necrotic yellows virus (BNYV)
	Cabbage cytorhabdovirus	cabbage cytorhabdovirus 1 (CCyV-1)
	Colocasia bobone disease-associated cytorhabdovirus	Colocasia bobone disease-associated virus (CBDaV)
	Festuca leaf streak cytorhabdovirus	Festuca leaf streak virus (FLSV)
	Lettuce necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus^*	lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV)
	Lettuce yellow mottle cytorhabdovirus	lettuce yellow mottle virus (LYMoV)
	Maize-associated cytorhabdovirus	maize-associated cytorhabdovirus (MaCV)
	Maize yellow striate cytorhabdovirus	maize yellow striate virus (MYSV)
	Northern cereal mosaic cytorhabdovirus	northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV)
	Papaya cytorhabdovirus	papaya virus E (PpVE)
	Persimmon cytorhabdovirus	persimmon virus A (PeVA)
	Raspberry vein chlorosis cytorhabdovirus	raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV)
	Rice stripe mosaic cytorhabdovirus	rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV)
	Sonchus cytorhabdovirus 1	Sonchus virus (SonV)
	Strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus	strawberry crinkle virus (SCV)
	Tomato yellow mottle-associated cytorhabdovirus	tomato yellow mottle-associated virus (TYMaV)
	Wheat American striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus	wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV)
	Wuhan 4 insect cytorhabdovirus	Wuhan insect virus 4 (WuIV-4)
	Wuhan 5 insect cytorhabdovirus	Wuhan insect virus 5 (WuIV-5)
	Wuhan 6 insect cytorhabdovirus	Wuhan insect virus 6 (WuIV-6)
	Yerba mate chlorosis-associated cytorhabdovirus	yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus (YmCaV)
Dichorhavirus	Citrus chlorotic spot dichorhavirus	citrus chlorotic spot virus (CiCSV)
	Citrus leprosis N dichorhavirus	citrus leprosis virus N (CiLV-N)
	Clerodendrum chlorotic spot dichorhavirus	clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus (ClCSV)
	Coffee ringspot dichorhavirus	coffee ringspot virus (CoRS V)
	Orchidfleck dichorhavirus^*	orchid fleck virus (OFV)
Ephemerovirus	Adelaide River ephemerovirus	Adelaide River virus (ARV)
	Berrimah ephemerovirus	Berrimah virus (BRMV)
	Bovine fever ephemerovirus^*	bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)
	Kimberley ephemerovirus	Kimberley virus (KIMV)
		Malakal virus (MALV)
	Koolpinyah ephemerovirus	Koolpinyah virus (KOOLV)
	Kotonkan ephemerovirus	kotonkan virus (KOTV)
	Obodhiang ephemerovirus	Obodhiang virus (OBOV)
	Yata ephemerovirus	Yata virus (YATV)
Gammanucleorhabdovirus	Maize fine streak gammanucleorhabdovirus	maize fine streak virus (MFSV)
Hapavirus	Flanders hapavirus^*	Flanders virus (FLAV)
	Gray Lodge hapavirus	Gray Lodge virus (GLOV)
	Hart Park hapavirus	Hart Park virus (HPV)
	Holmes hapavirus	Holmes Jungle virus (HOJV)
	Joinjakaka hapavirus	Joinjakaka virus (JOIV)
	Kamese hapavirus	Kamese virus (KAMV)
	La Joya hapavirus	La Joya virus (LJV)
	Landjia hapavirus	Landjia virus (LANV = LJAV)
	Manitoba hapavirus	Manitoba virus (MANV = MNTBV)
	Marco hapavirus	Marco virus (MCOV)
	Mosqueiro hapavirus	Mosqueiro virus (MQOV)
	Mossuril hapavirus	Mossuril virus (MOSV)
	Ngaingan hapavirus	Ngaingan virus (NGAV)
	Ord River hapavirus	Ord River virus (ORV)
	Parry Creek hapavirus	Parry Creek virus (PCV)
	Wongabel hapavirus	Wongabel virus (WONV)
Ledantevirus	Barur ledantevirus	Barur virus (BARV)
	Fikirini ledantevirus	Fikirini virus (FKRV)
	Fukuoka ledantevirus	Fukuoka virus (FUKV)
	Kanyawara ledantevirus	Kanyawara virus (KYAV)
	Kern Canyon ledantevirus	Kern Canyon virus (KCV)
	Keuraliba ledantevirus	Keuraliba virus (KEUV)
	Kolente ledantevirus	Kolente virus (KOLEV)
	Kumasi ledantevirus	Kumasi rhabdovirus (KRV)
	Le Dantec ledantevirus^*	Le Dantec virus (LDV)
	Mount Elgon bat ledantevirus	Mount Elgon bat virus (MEBV)
	Nishimuro ledantevirus	Nishimuro virus (NISV)
	Nkolbisson ledantevirus	Nkolbisson virus (NKOV)
	Oita ledantevirus	Oita virus (OITAV)
	Vaprio ledantevirus	Vaprio virus (VAPV)
	Wuhan ledantevirus	Wuhan louse fly virus 5 (WLFV-5)
	Yongjia ledantevirus	Yongjia tick virus 2 (YTV-2)
Lostrhavirus	Lonestar zarhavirus^*⁴	lone star tick rhabdovirus (LITRV)
Lyssavirus	Aravan lyssavirus	Aravan virus (ARAV)
	Australian bat lyssavirus	Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV)
	Bokeloh bat lyssavirus	Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV)
	Duvenhage lyssavirus	Duvenhage virus (DUVV)
	European bat 1 lyssavirus	European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1)
	European bat 2 lyssavirus	European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2)
	Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus	Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus (GBLV)
	Ikoma lyssavirus	Ikoma lyssavirus (IKOV)
	Irkut lyssavirus	Irkut virus (IRKV)
	Khujand lyssavirus	Khujand virus (KHUV)
	Lagos bat lyssavirus	Lagos bat virus (LBV)
	Lleida bat lyssavirus	Lleida bat lyssavirus (LLEBV)
	Mokola lyssavirus	Mokola virus (MOKV)
	Rabies lyssavirus^*	rabies virus (RABV)
	Shimoni bat lyssavirus	Shimoni bat virus (SHIB V)
	Taiwan bat lyssavirus	Taiwan bat lyssavirus (TWBLV)
	West Caucasian bat lyssavirus	West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV)
Mousrhavirus	Moussa mousrhavirus^*	Moussa virus (MOUV)
Novirhabdovirus	Hirame novirhabdovirus	hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV = HIRV)
	Piscine novirhabdovirus	viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)
	Salmonid novirhabdovirus^*	infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)
	Snakehead novirhabdovirus	snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV)
Ohlsrhavirus	Ohlsdorf ohlsrhavirus	Ohlsdorf virus (OHLDV)
	Tongilchon ohlsrhavirus	Tongilchon virus 1 (TCHV-1)
	Riverside ohlsrhavirus	Riverside virus (RISV)
	Culex ohlsrharhavirus	Culex rhabdo-like virus (CRLV)
	Northcreek ohlsrhavirus	North Creek virus (NORCV)
Perhabdovirus	Anguillid perhabdovirus	eel virus European X (EVEX)
	Perch perhabdovirus^*	perch rhabdovirus (PRV)
	Sea trout perhabdovirus	lake trout rhabdovirus (LTRV)
Sawgrhavirus	Connecticut sawgrhavirus	Connecticut virus (CNTV)
	Island sawgrhavirus	Long Island tick rhabdovirus (LITRV)
	Minto sawgrhavirus	New Minto virus (NMV)
	Sawgrass sawgrhavirus^*	Sawgrass virus (SAWV)
Sigmavirus	Drosophila affinis sigmavirus	Drosophila affinis sigmavirus (DAffSV)
	Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus	Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus (DAnaSV)
	Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus	Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus (DImmSV)
	Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus^*	Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus (DMelSV)
	Drosophila obscura sigmavirus	Drosophila obscura sigmavirus (DObsSV)
	Drosophila tristis sigmavirus	Drosophila tristis sigmavirus (DTriSV)
	Muscina stabulans sigmavirus	Muscina stabulans sigmavirus (MStaSV)
Sprivivirus	Carp sprivivirus^*	spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV)
	Pike fry sprivivirus	grass carp rhabdovirus (GrCRV)
		pike fry rhabdovirus (PFRV)
		tench rhabdovirus (TenRV)
Sripuvirus	Almpiwar sripuvirus	Almpiwar virus (ALMV)
	Chaco sripuvirus	Chaco virus (CHOV)
	Charleville sripuvirus	Charleville virus (CHVV)
	Cuiaba sripuvirus	Cuiaba virus (CUIV)
	Hainan sripuvirus	Hainan black-spectacled toad rhabdovirus (HnBSTRV)
	Niakha sripuvirus^*	Niakha virus (NIAV)
	Sena Madureira sripuvirus	Sena Madureira virus (SMV)
	Sripur sripuvirus	Sripur virus (SRIV)
Sunrhavirus	Garba sunrhavirus	Garba virus (GARV)
	Harrison sunrhavirus	Harrison Dam virus (HARDV)
	Kwatta sunrhavirus	Kwatta virus (KWAV)
	Oakvale sunrhavirus	Oak Vale virus (OVV)
	Sunguru sunrhavirus^*	Sunguru virus (SUNV)
	Walkabout sunrhavirus	Walkabout Creek virus (WAKV)
Tibrovirus	Bas Congo tibrovirus	Bas-Congo virus (BASV)
	Beatrice Hill tibrovirus	Beatrice Hill virus (BHV)
	Coastal Plains tibrovirus	Coastal Plains virus (CPV)
	Ekpoma 1 tibrovirus	Ekpoma virus 1 (EKV-1)
	Ekpoma 2 tibrovirus	Ekpoma virus 2 (EKV-2)
	Sweetwater Branch tibrovirus	Sweetwater Branch virus (SWBV)
	Tibrogargan tibrovirus^*	Bivens Arm virus (BAV)
		Tibrogargan virus (TIBV)
Tupavirus	Durham tupavirus^*	Durham virus (DURV)
	Klamath tupavirus	Klamath virus (KLAV)
	Tupaia tupavirus	tupaia rhabdovirus (TUPV)
Varicosavirus	Lettuce big-vein associated varicosavirus^*	lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV)
Vesiculovirus	Alagoas vesiculovirus	vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus (VSAV)
	American bat vesiculovirus	American bat vesiculovirus (ABVV)
	Carajas vesiculovirus	Carajas virus (CJSV)
	Chandipura vesiculovirus	Chandipura virus (CHPV)
	Cocal vesiculovirus	Cocal virus (COCV)
	Indiana vesiculovirus^*	vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV)
	Isfahan vesiculovirus	Isfahan virus (ISFV)
	Jurona vesiculovirus	Jurona virus (JURV)
	Malpais Spring vesiculovirus	Malpais Spring virus (MSPV)
	Maraba vesiculovirus	Maraba virus (MARAV)
	Morreton vesiculovirus	Morreton virus (MORV)
	New Jersey vesiculovirus	vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV)
	Perinet vesiculovirus	Perinet virus (PERV)
	Piry vesiculovirus	Piry virus (PIRYV)
	Radi vesiculovirus	Radi virus (RADV)
	Yug Bogdanovac vesiculovirus	Yug Bogdanovac virus (YBV)
Zarhavirus	Zahedan zarhavirus^*	Zahedan rhabdovirus (ZARV)
Family Sunviridae
Sunshinevirus	Reptile sunshinevirus 1^*	Sunshine Coast virus (SunCV)
Family Xinmoviridae
Anphevirus	Bolahun anphevirus	Bolahun virus (BLHV)
		Gambie virus (GAMV)
	Dipteran anphevirus	Húběi diptera virus 11 (HbDV-11)
	Drosophilid anphevirus	Drosophila unispina virus 1 (DuniV-1)
	Odonate anphevirus	Húběi rhabdo-like virus 7 (HbRLV-7)
	Orthopteran anphevirus	Húběi orthoptera virus 5 (HbOV-5)
	Shuangao anphevirus	Shuāngào fly virus 2 (SgFV-2)
	Xincheng anphevirus^*	Xīnchéng mosquito virus (XcMV)

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Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, subfamilies, families, and orders are taxa.

type species

Due to a formal classification mistake this species was not deleted. A proposal to delete this species name will be submitted prior to the next taxonomic proposal submission deadline.

Includes: Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

Due to a formal classification mistake, this species was incorrectly named Avian orthovulavirus 21 in TaxoProp 2019.014M.A.v1.Avulavirus_1newsp but correctly named Avian orthoavulavirus 21 in TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp. Hence as of now, both species names are official. A proposal to correct this mistake will be submitted prior to the next taxonomic proposal submission deadline.

⁴

Due to a formal classification mistake this species was named Lonestar zarhavirus instead of Lonestar lostrhavirus. A proposal to correct this mistake will be submitted prior to the next taxonomic proposal submission deadline.

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Table 4.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Muvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Chunqiuviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Qinviridae
Yingvirus	Beihai yingvirus	Běihǎi sesarmid crab virus 4 (BhSCV-4)
	Charybdis yingvirus	Wēnzhōu qínvirus-like virus 2 (WzQLV-2)
	Hubei yingvirus	Húběi qínvirus-like virus 1 (HbQLV-1)
	Sanxia yingvirus	Sānxiá qínvirus-like virus 1 (SxQLV-1)
	Shahe yingvirus	Shāhé qínvirus-like virus 1 (ShQLV-1)
	Wenzhou yingvirus	Wēnzhōu qínvirus-like virus 1 (WzQLV-1)
	Wuhan yingvirus ^*	Wǔhàn insect virus 15 (WhIV-15)
	Xinzhou yingvirus	Xīnzhōu nematode virus 3 (XzNV-3)

Open in a new tab

Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

type species

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Table 5.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Serpentovirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Milneviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Aspiviridae
Ophiovirus	Blueberry mosaic associated ophiovirus	blueberry mosaic associated virus (BlMaV)
	Citruspsorosis ophiovirus^*	citrus psorosis virus (CPsV)
	Freesia sneak ophiovirus	freesia sneak virus (FreSV)
	Lettuce ring necrosis ophiovirus	lettuce ring necrosis virus (LRNV)
	Mirafiori lettuce big-vein ophiovirus	Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV)
	Ranunculus white mottle ophiovirus	ranunculus white mottle virus (RWMV)
	Tulip mild mottle mosaic ophiovirus	tulip mild mottle mosaic virus (TMMMV)

Open in a new tab

Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa.

type species

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Table 6.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Articulavirales (Negarnaviricota: Polyploviricotina: Insthoviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Amnoonviridae
Tilapinevirus	Tilapia tilapinevirus^*	tilapia lake virus (TiLV)
Family Orthomyxoviridae
Alphainfluenzavirus	Influenza A virus^*	influenza A virus (FLUAV)
Betainfluenzavirus	Influenza B virus^*	influenza B virus (FLUBV)
Deltainfluenzavirus	Influenza D virus^*	influenza D virus (FLUDV)
Gammainfluenzavirus	Influenza C virus^*	influenza C virus (FLUCV)
Isavirus	Salmon isavirus^*	infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV)
Quaranjavirus	Johnston Atoll quaranjavirus	Johnston Atoll virus (JAV)
	Quaranfil quaranjavirus^*	Quaranfil virus (QRFV)
Thogotovirus	Dhori thogotovirus	Dhori virus (DHOV)
	Thogoto thogotovirus^*	Thogoto virus (THOV)

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type species

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

Table 7.

ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales (Negarnaviricota: Polyploviricotina: Ellioviricetes) as of March 2020.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^&
Family Arenaviridae
Antennavirus	Hairy antennavirus	Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 2 (WlFAV-2)
	Striated antennavirus^*	Wēnlǐng frogfish arenavirus 1 (WlFAV-1)
Hartmanivirus	Haartman hartmanivirus^*	Haartman Institute snake virus 1 (HISV-1)
	Muikkunen hartmanivirus	Dante Muikkunen virus 1 (DaMV-1)
	Schoolhouse hartmanivirus	old schoolhouse virus 1 (OScV-1)
		old schoolhouse virus 2 (OScV-2)
	Zurich hartmanivirus	veterinary pathology Zurich virus 1 (VPZV-1)
		veterinary pathology Zurich virus 2 (VPZV-2)
Mammarenavirus	Allpahuayo mammarenavirus	Allpahuayo virus (ALLV)
	Alxa mammarenavirus	Alxa virus (ALXV)
	Argentinian mammarenavirus	Junín virus (JUNV)
	Bear Canyon mammarenavirus	Bear Canyon virus (BCNV)
	Brazilian mammarenavirus	Sabiá virus (SBAV)
	Cali mammarenavirus	Pichindé virus (PICHV)
	Chapare mammarenavirus	Chapare virus (CHAPV)
	Chevrier mammarenavirus	Lìjiāng virus (LIJV)
	Cupixi mammarenavirus	Cupixi virus (CUPXV)
	Flexal mammarenavirus	Flexal virus (FLEV)
	Gairo mammarenavirus	Gairo virus (GAIV)
	Guanarito mammarenavirus	Guanarito virus (GTOV)
	Ippy mammarenavirus	Ippy virus (IPPYV)
	Lassa mammarenavirus	Lassa virus (LASV)
	Latino mammarenavirus	Latino virus (LATV)
	Loei River mammarenavirus	Loei River virus (LORV)
	Lujo mammarenavirus	Lujo virus (LUJV)
	Luna mammarenavirus	Luli virus (LULV)
		Luna virus (LUAV)
	Lunk mammarenavirus	Lunk virus (LNKV)
	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus^*	Dandenong virus (DANV)
		lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
	Machupo mammarenavirus	Machupo virus (MACV)
	Mariental mammarenavirus	Mariental virus (MRLV)
	Merino Walk mammarenavirus	Merino Walk virus (MRWV)
	Mobala mammarenavirus	mobala virus (MOBV)
	Mopeia mammarenavirus	Mopeia virus (MPOV)
		Morogoro virus (MORV)
	Okahandja mammarenavirus	Okahandja virus (OKAV)
	Oliveros mammarenavirus	Oliveros virus (OLVV)
	Paraguayan mammarenavirus	Paraná virus (PRAV)
	Planalto mammarenavirus	Aporé virus (APOV)
	Pirital mammarenavirus	Pirital virus (PIRV)
	Ryukyu mammarenavirus	Ryukyu virus (RYKV)
	Serra do Navio mammarenavirus	Amapari virus (AMAV)
	Solwezi mammarenavirus	Solwezi virus (SOLV)
	Souris mammarenavirus	souris virus (SOUV)
	Tacaribe mammarenavirus	Tacaribe virus (TCRV)
	Tamiami mammarenavirus	Tamiami virus (TMMV)
	Wenzhou mammarenavirus	Wēnzhōu virus (WENV)
	Whitewater Arroyo mammarenavirus	Big Brushy Tank virus (BBRTV)
		Catarina virus (CTNV)
		Skinner Tank virus (SKTV)
		Tonto Creek virus (TTCV)
		Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV)
	Xapuri mammarenavirus	Xapuri virus (XAPV)
Reptarenavirus	California reptarenavirus	CAS virus (CASV)
	Giessen reptarenavirus	University of Giessen virus 1 (UGV-1)
		University of Giessen virus 2 (UGV-2)
		University of Giessen virus 3 (UGV-3)
	Golden reptarenavirus^*	Golden Gate virus (GOGV)
	Ordinary reptarenavirus	tavallinen suomalainen mies virus 2 (TSMV-2)
	Rotterdam reptarenavirus	ROUT virus (ROUTV)
		University of Helsinki virus 1 (UHV-1)
Family Cruliviridae
Lincruvirus	Crustacean lincruvirus^*	Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 9 (WlCV-9)
Family Fimoviridae
Emaravirus	Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated emaravirus	Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV)
	Blackberry leaf mottle associated emaravirus	blackberry leaf mottle-associated virus (BLMaV)
	European mountain ash ringspot-associated emaravirus^*	European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV)
	Fig mosaic emaravirus	fig mosaic virus (FMV)
	High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus	High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV)
	Pigeonpea sterility mosaic emaravirus 1	pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 1 (PPSMV-1)
	Pigeonpea sterility mosaic emaravirus 2	pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 2 (PPSMV-2)
	Pistacia emaravirus B	pistacia virus B (PiVB)
	Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus	raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV)
	Redbud yellow ringspot-associated emaravirus	redbud yellow ringspot-associated virus (RYRaV)
	Rose rosette emaravirus	rose rosette virus (RRV)
Family Hantaviridae
Subfamily Actantavirinae
Actinovirus	Batfish actinovirus^*	Wēnlǐng minipizza batfish virus (WEMBV)
	Goosefish actinovirus	Wēnlǐng yellow goosefish virus (WEYGV)
	Spikefish actinovirus	Wēnlǐng red spikefish virus (WERSV)
Subfamily Agantavirinae
Agnathovirus	Hagfish agnathovirus^*	Wēnlǐng hagfish virus (WEHV)
Subfamily Mammantavirinae
Loanvirus	Brno loanvirus	Brno virus (BRNV)
	Longquan loanvirus^*	Lóngquán virus (LQUV)
Mobatvirus	Laibin mobatvirus	Láibīn virus (LAIV)
	Nova mobatvirus^*	Nova virus (NVAV)
	Quezon mobatvirus	Quezon virus (QZNV)
Orthohantavirus	Andes orthohantavirus	Andes virus (ANDV)
		Castelo dos Sonhos virus (CASV)
		Lechiguanas virus (LECV = LECHV)
		Orán virus (ORNV)
	Asama orthohantavirus	Asama virus (ASAV)
	Asikkala orthohantavirus	Asikkala virus (ASIV)
	Bayou orthohantavirus	bayou virus (BAYV)
		Catacamas virus (CATV)
	Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus	Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV)
	Bowe orthohantavirus	Bowé virus (BOWV)
	Bruges orthohantavirus	Bruges virus (BRGV)
	Cano Delgadito orthohantavirus	Caño Delgadito virus (CADV)
	Cao Bang orthohantavirus	Cao Bằng virus (CBNV)
		Liánghé virus (LHEV)
	Choclo orthohantavirus	Choclo virus (CHOV)
	Dabieshan orthohantavirus	Dàbiéshān virus (DBSV)
	Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus	Dobrava virus (DOBV)
		Kurkino virus (KURV)
		Saaremaa virus (SAAV)
		Sochi virus (SOCV)
	El Moro Canyon orthohantavirus	Carrizal virus (CARV)
		El Moro Canyon virus (ELMCV)
		Huitzilac virus (HUIV)
	Fugong orthohantavirus	Fúgóng virus (FUGV)
	Fusong orthohantavirus	Fǔsōng virus (FUSV)
	Hantaan orthohantavirus^*	Amur virus (AMRV)
		Hantaan virus (HTNV)
		Soochong virus (SOOV)
	Jeju orthohantavirus	Jeju virus (JJUV)
	Kenkeme orthohantavirus	Kenkeme virus (KKMV)
	Khabarovsk orthohantavirus	Khabarovsk virus (KHAV)
		Topografov virus (TOPV)
	Laguna Negra orthohantavirus	Laguna Negra virus (LANV)
		Maripa virus (MARV)
		Rio Mamoré virus (RIOMV)
	Luxi orthohantavirus	Lúxī virus (LUXV)
	Maporal orthohantavirus	Maporal virus (MAPV)
	Montano orthohantavirus	Montaño virus (MTNV)
	Necocli orthohantavirus	Necoclí virus (NECV)
	Oxbow orthohantavirus	Oxbow virus (OXBV)
	Prospect Hill orthohantavirus	Prospect Hill virus (PHV)
	Puumala orthohantavirus	Hokkaido virus (HOKV)
		Muju virus (MUJV)
		Puumala virus (PUUV)
	Rockport orthohantavirus	Rockport virus (RKPV)
	Sangassou orthohantavirus	Sangassou virus (SANGV)
	Seewis orthohantavirus	Seewis virus (SWSV)
	Seoul orthohantavirus	gōu virus (GOUV)
		Seoul virus (SEOV)
	Sin Nombre orthohantavirus	New York virus (NYV)
		Sin Nombre virus (SNV)
	Thailand orthohantavirus	Anjozorobe virus (ANJZV)
		Serang virus (SERV)
		Thailand virus (THAIV)
	Tigray orthohantavirus	Tigray virus (TIGV)
	Tula orthohantavirus	Adler virus (ADLV)
		Tula virus (TULV)
	Yakeshi orthohantavirus	Yákéshí virus (YKSV)
Thottimvirus	Imjin thottimvirus	Imjin virus (MJNV)
	Thottapalayam thottimvirus^*	Thottapalayam virus (TPMV)
Subfamily Repantavirinae
Reptillovirus	Gecko reptillovirus^*	Hainan oriental leaf-toed gecko virus (HOLGV)
Family Leishbuviridae
Shilevirus	Leptomonas shilevirus^*	Leptomonas moramango virus (LEPMV)
Family Mypoviridae
Hubavirus	Myriapod hubavirus^*	Húběi myriapoda virus 5 (HbMV-5)
Family Nairoviridae
Orthonairovirus	Artashat orthonairovirus	Artashat virus (ARTSV)
	Chim orthonairovirus	Chim virus (CHIMV)
	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV)
	Dera Ghazi Khan orthonairovirus	Abu Hammad virus (AHV)
		Abu Mina virus (AMV)
		Dera Ghazi Khan virus (DGKV)
		Sapphire II virus (SAPV)
	Dugbe orthonairovirus^*	Dugbe virus (DUGV)
		kupe virus (KUPEV)
	Estero Real orthonairovirus	Estero Real virus (ERV)
	Hazara orthonairovirus	Hazara virus (HAZV)
		Tofla virus (TFLV)
	Hughes orthonairovirus	Caspiy virus (CASV)
		Farallon virus (FARV)
		Great Saltee virus (GRS V)
		Hughes virus (HUGV)
		Punta Salinas virus (PSV)
		Raza virus (RAZAV)
		Soldado virus (SOLV)
		Zirqa virus (ZIRV)
	Kasokero orthonairovirus	Kasokero virus (KASV = KASOV)
		Leopards Hill virus (LPHV)
		Yogue virus (YOGV)
	Keterah orthonairovirus	Gossas virus (GOSV)
		Issyk-kul virus (ISKV)
		Keterah virus (KTRV)
		Uzun-Agach virus (UZAV)
	Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus	Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)
	Qalyub orthonairovirus	Bandia virus (BDAV)
		Geran virus (GERV)
		Qalyub virus (QYBV)
	Sakhalin orthonairovirus	Avalon virus (AVAV)
		Clo Mor virus (CMV = CLMV)
		Sakhalin virus (SAKV)
		Taggert virus (TAGV)
		Tillamook virus (TILLV)
	Tamdy orthonairovirus	Burana virus (BURV)
		Huángpí tick virus 1 (HpTV-1)
		Tǎchéng tick virus 1 (TcTV-1)
		Tamdy virus (TAMV)
		Wēnzhōu tick virus (WzTV)
	Thiafora orthonairovirus	Erve virus (ERVEV)
		Thiafora virus (TFAV)
Shaspivirus	Spider shaspivirus^*	Shāyáng spider virus 1 (SySV-1)
Striwavirus	Strider striwavirus^*	Sānxiá water strider virus 1 (SxWSV-1)
Family Peribunyaviridae
Herbevirus	Herbert herbevirus^*	Herbert virus (HEBV)
	Kibale herbevirus	Kibale virus (KIBV)
	Tai herbevirus	Taï virus (TAIV)
Orthobunyavirus	Acara orthobunyavirus	Acará virus (ACAV)
		Moriche virus (MORV)
	Aino orthobunyavirus	Aino virus (AINOV)
	Akabane orthobunyavirus	Akabane virus (AKAV)
		Tinaroo virus (TINV)
		Yaba-7 virus (Y7V)
	Alajuela orthobunyavirus	Alajuela virus (ALJV)
		San Juan virus (SJV)
	Anadyr orthobunyavirus	Anadyr virus (ANADV)
	Anhembi orthobunyavirus	Anhembi virus (AMBV)
	Anopheles A orthobunyavirus	Anopheles A virus (ANAV)
		Arumateua virus (ARTV = ARMTV)
		Caraipé virus (CPEV = CRPV)
		Las Maloyas virus (LMV)
		Lukuni virus (LUKV)
		Trombetas virus (TRMV)
		Tucuruí virus (TUCV = TUCRV)
	Anopheles B orthobunyavirus	Anopheles B virus (ANBV)
		Boracéia virus (BORV)
	Bakau orthobunyavirus	Bakau virus (BAKV)
		Ketapang virus (KETV)
		Nola virus (NOLAV)
		Tanjong Rabok virus (TRV)
		Telok Forest virus (TFV)
	Batai orthobunyavirus	Batai virus (BATV)
	Batama orthobunyavirus	Batama virus (BMAV)
	Bellavista orthobunyavirus	Bellavista virus (BELLV)
	Benevides orthobunyavirus	Benevides virus (BVSV = BENV)
	Bertioga orthobunyavirus	Bertioga virus (BERV)
		Cananéia virus (CNAV)
		Guaratuba virus (GTBV)
		Itimirim virus (ITIV)
		Mirim virus (MIRV)
	Bimiti orthobunyavirus	bimiti virus (BIMV)
	Birao orthobunyavirus	Birao virus (BIRV)
	Botambi orthobunyavirus	Botambi virus (BOTV)
	Bozo orthobunyavirus	Bozo virus (BOZOV)
	Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus^*	Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)
		Germiston virus (GERV)
		Lokern virus (LOKV)
		Mboké virus (MBOV)
		Ngari virus (NRIV)
		Northway virus (NORV)
		Santa Rosa virus (SARV)
		Shokwe virus (SHOV)
		Stanfield virus (STAV)
		Xingu virus (XINV)
	Bushbush orthobunyavirus	Benfica virus (BENV = BNFV)
		Bushbush virus (BSBV)
		Juan Díaz virus (JDV)
	Buttonwillow orthobunyavirus	Buttonwillow virus (BUTV)
	Bwamba orthobunyavirus	Bwamba virus (BWAV)
		Pongola virus (PGAV)
	Cache Valley orthobunyavirus	Cache Valley virus (CVV)
		Cholul virus (CHLV)
		Tlacotalpan virus (TLAV)
	Cachoeira Porteira orthobunyavirus	Cachoeira Porteira virus (CPOV)
	California encephalitis orthobunyavirus	California encephalitis virus (CEV)
		Morro Bay virus (MBV)
	Capim orthobunyavirus	Capim virus (CAPV)
	Caraparu orthobunyavirus	Apeú virus (APEUV)
		Bruconha virus (BRUV)
		Caraparú virus (CARV)
		El Huayo virus (EHUV)
		Itaya virus (ITYV)
		Ossa virus (OSSAV)
		Vinces virus (VINV)
	Cat Que orthobunyavirus	Cát Quê virus (CQV)
		Oya virus (OYAV)
	Catu orthobunyavirus	Catú virus (CATUV)
	Enseada orthobunyavirus	Enseada virus (ENSV)
	Faceys paddock orthobunyavirus	Facey’s paddock virus (FPV)
	Fort Sherman orthobunyavirus	Fort Sherman virus (FSV)
	Gamboa orthobunyavirus	Brus Laguna virus (BLAV)
		Calchaquí virus (CQIV)
		Gamboa virus (GAMV)
		Pueblo Viejo virus (PVV)
		Soberanía virus (SOBV)
	Guajara orthobunyavirus	Guajará virus (GJAV)
	Guama orthobunyavirus	Ananindeua virus (ANUV)
		Guamá virus (GMAV)
		Mahogany Hammock virus (MHV)
		Moju virus (MOJUV)
	Guaroa orthobunyavirus	Guaroa virus (GROV)
	Iaco orthobunyavirus	Iaco virus (IACOV)
	Ilesha orthobunyavirus	Ilesha virus (ILEV)
	Ingwavuma orthobunyavirus	Ingwavuma virus (INGV)
	Jamestown Canyon orthobunyavirus	Inkoo virus (INKV)
		Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV)
		Jerry Slough virus (JSV)
		South River virus (SORV)
	Jatobal orthobunyavirus	Jatobal virus (JATV)
	Kaeng Khoi orthobunyavirus	Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV)
	Kairi orthobunyavirus	Kairi virus (KRIV)
	Keystone orthobunyavirus	Keystone virus (KEYV)
	Koongol orthobunyavirus	koongol virus (KOOV)
		wongal virus (WONV)
	La Crosse orthobunyavirus	La Crosse virus (LACV)
	Leanyer orthobunyavirus	Leanyer virus (LEAV)
	Lumbo orthobunyavirus	Lumbo virus (LUMV)
	Macaua orthobunyavirus	Macauã virus (MCAV)
	Madrid orthobunyavirus	Madrid virus (MADV)
	Maguari orthobunyavirus	Maguari virus (MAGV)
		Playas virus (PLAV)
	Main Drain orthobunyavirus	Main Drain virus (MDV)
	Manzanilla orthobunyavirus	Manzanilla virus (MANV)
		Inini virus (INIV)
	Marituba orthobunyavirus	Gumbo Limbo virus (GLV)
		Marituba virus (MTBV)
		Murutucú virus (MURV)
		Nepuyo virus (NEPV)
		Restan virus (RESV)
		Zungarococha virus (ZUNV)
	Melao orthobunyavirus	Melao virus (MELV)
	Mermet orthobunyavirus	Mermet virus (MERV)
	Minatitlan orthobunyavirus	Minatitlán virus (MNTV)
		Palestina virus (PLSV)
	MPoko orthobunyavirus	M’Poko virus (MPOV)
		Yaba-1 virus (Y1V)
	Nyando orthobunyavirus	Eretmapodites virus (ERETV)
		Mojuí dos Campos virus (MDCV)
		Nyando virus (NDV)
	Olifantsvlei orthobunyavirus	Bobia virus (BIAV)
		Dabakala virus (DABV)
		Olifantsvlei virus (OLIV)
		Oubi virus (OUBIV)
	Oriboca orthobunyavirus	Itaquí virus (ITQV)
		Oriboca virus (ORIV)
	Oropouche orthobunyavirus	Iquitos virus (IQTV)^d
		Madre de Dios virus (MDDV)
		Oropouche virus (OROV)
		Perdões virus (PDEV)
		Pintupo virus (PINTV)
	Patois orthobunyavirus	Abras virus (ABRV)
		Babahoya virus (BABV)
		Pahayokee virus (PAHV)
		Patois virus (PATV)
		Shark River virus (SRV)
	Peaton orthobunyavirus	Peaton virus (PEAV)
	Potosi orthobunyavirus	Potosi virus (POTV)
	Sabo orthobunyavirus	Sabo virus (SABOV)
	San Angelo orthobunyavirus	San Angelo virus (SAV)
	Sango orthobunyavirus	Sango virus (SANV)
	Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus	Douglas virus (DOUV)
		Sathuperi virus (SATV)
		Schmallenberg virus (SBV)
		Shamonda virus (SHAV)
	Serra do Navio orthobunyavirus	Serra do Navio virus (SDNV)
	Shuni orthobunyavirus	Kaikalur virus (KAIV)
		Shuni virus (SHUV)
	Simbu orthobunyavirus	Para virus (PARAV)
		Simbu virus (SIMV)
	Snowshoe hare orthobunyavirus	Khatanga virus (KHATV)⁹
		snowshoe hare virus (SSHV)
	Sororoca orthobunyavirus	Sororoca virus (SORV)
	Tacaiuma orthobunyavirus	CoAr 1071 virus (CA1071V)
		CoAr 3627 virus (CA3626V)
		Tacaiuma virus (TCMV)
		Virgin River virus (VRV)
	Tahyna orthobunyavirus	Ťahyňa virus (TAHV)
	Tataguine orthobunyavirus	Tataguine virus (TATV)
	Tensaw orthobunyavirus	Tensaw virus (TENV)
	Tete orthobunyavirus	Bahig virus (BAHV)
		Matruh virus (MTRV)
		Tete virus (TETEV)
		Tsuruse virus (TSUV)
		Weldona virus (WELV)
	Thimiri orthobunyavirus	Thimiri virus (THIV)
	Timboteua orthobunyavirus	Timboteua virus (TBTV)
	Trivittatus orthobunyavirus	Achiote virus (ACHOV)
		Trivittatus virus (TVTV)
	Turlock orthobunyavirus	Lednice virus (LEDV)
		Turlock virus (TURV)
		Umbre virus (UMBV)
	Utinga orthobunyavirus	Utinga virus (UTIV)
	Witwatersrand orthobunyavirus	Witwatersrand virus (WITV)
	Wolkberg orthobunyavirus	Wolkberg virus (WBV)
	Wyeomyia orthobunyavirus	Rio Pracupi virus
		Taiassui virus (TAIAV)
		Tucunduba virus (TUCV)
		Wyeomyia virus (WYOV)
	Zegla orthobunyavirus	Zegla virus (ZEGV)
Pacuvirus	Caimito pacuvirus	Caimito virus (CAIV)
	Chilibre pacuvirus	Chilibre virus (CHIV)
	Pacui pacuvirus^*	Pacui virus (PACV)
	Rio Preto da Eva pacuvirus	Rio Preto da Eva virus (RPEV)
	Tapirape pacuvirus	Tapirapé virus (TAPV)
Shangavirus	Insect shangavirus^*	Shuāngào insect virus 1 (SgIV-1)
Family Phasmaviridae
Feravirus	Ferak feravirus^*	Ferak virus (FRKV)
Jonvirus	Jonchet jonvirus^*	jonchet virus (JONV)
Orthophasmavirus	Anopheles orthophasmavirus	Anopheles triannulatus orthophasmavirus (AtOPV)
	Culex orthophasmavirus	Culex orthophasmavirus (CPLV)
	Ganda orthophasmavirus	Ganda orthophasmavirus (GBEEV)
	Kigluaikphantom orthophasmavirus^*	Kigluaik phantom virus (KIGV)
	Odonate orthophasmavirus	Odonate orthophasmavirus (HbOV-8)
	Qingling orthophasmavirus	Qingling orthophasmavirus (HbOV-9)
	Wuchang cockroach orthophasmavirus 1	Wǔchāng cockroach virus 1 (WcCV-1)
	Wuhan mosquito orthophasmavirus 1	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 1 (WhMV-1)
	Wuhan mosquito orthophasmavirus 2	Wǔhàn mosquito virus 2 (WhMV-2)
Sawastrivirus	Sanxia sawastrivirus^*	Sānxiá water strider virus 2 (SxWSV-2)
Wuhivirus	Insect wuhivirus^*	Wǔhàn insect virus 2 (WhIV-2)
Family Phenuiviridae
Bandavirus	Bhanja bandavirus	Bhanja virus (BHAV)
	Dabie bandavirus^*	severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)
	Guertu bandavirus	Guertu virus (GTV)
	Heartland bandavirus	Heartland virus (HRTV)
	Hunter Island bandavirus	Hunter Island virus (HUIV)
	Kismaayo bandavirus	Kismaayo virus (KISV)
	Lone Star bandavirus¹	lone star virus (LSV)
Beidivirus	Dipteran beidivirus^*	Húběi diptera virus 3 (HbDV-3)
Coguvirus	Citrus coguvirus^*	citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV)
	Coguvirus eburi	citrus virus A (CiV-A)
Entovirus	Entoleuca entovirus^*	Entoleuca phenui-like virus 1 (EnPLV-1)
Goukovirus	Cumuto goukovirus	Cumuto virus (CUMV)
	Gouleako goukovirus^*	Gouléako virus (GOLV)
	Yichang insect goukovirus	Yíchāng insect virus (YcIV)
Horwuvirus	Horsefly horwuvirus^*	Wǔhàn horsefly virus (WhHV)
Hudivirus	Dipteran hudivirus^*	Húběi diptera virus 4 (HbDV-4)
Hudovirus	Lepidopteran hudovirus^*	Húběi lepidoptera virus 1 (HbLV-1)
Ixovirus	Blackleg ixovirus^*	blacklegged tick virus 1 (BLTV-1)
	Norway ixovirus	Fairhair virus (FHAV)
	Scapularis ixovirus	blacklegged tick virus 3 (BLTV-3)
Laulavirus	Laurel Lake laulavirus^*	Laurel Lake virus (LLV)
Lentinuvirus	Lentinula lentinuvirus^*	Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 2 (LeNSRV-2)
Mobuvirus	Mothra mobuvirus^*	Mothra virus (MTHV)
Phasivirus	Badu phasivirus^*	Badu virus (BADUV)
	Dipteran phasivirus	Húběi diptera virus 5 (HbDV-5)
	Fly phasivirus	Wǔhàn fly virus 1 (WhFV-1)
	Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus	Phasi Chaeron-like virus (PCLV)
	Wutai mosquito phasivirus	Wǔtái mosquito virus (WtMV)
Phlebovirus	Adana phlebovirus	Adana virus (ADAV)
	Aguacate phlebovirus	Aguacate virus (AGUV)
	Alcube phlebovirus	Alcube virus (ACBV)
	Alenquer phlebovirus	Alenquer virus (ALEV)
	Ambe phlebovirus	Ambe virus (ABEV)
	Anhanga phlebovirus	Anhangá virus (ANHV)
	Arumowot phlebovirus	Arumowot virus (AMTV)
	Buenaventura phlebovirus	Buenaventura virus (BUEV)
	Bujaru phlebovirus	Bujaru virus (BUJV)
	Cacao phlebovirus	Cacao virus (CACV)
	Campana phlebovirus	Campana virus (CMAV)
	Candiru phlebovirus	Ariquemes virus (ARQV)
		Candirú virus (CDUV)
		Jacundá virus (JCNV)
		Morumbi virus (MR(M)BV)
		Mucura virus (MCRV/MRAV)
		Serra Norte virus (SRNV)
	Chagres phlebovirus	Chagres virus (CHGV)
	Cocle phlebovirus	Coclé virus (CCLV)
	Dashli phlebovirus	Dāshlī virus (DASV)
	Durania phlebovirus	Durania virus (DRNV)
	Echarate phlebovirus	Echarate virus (ECHV)
	Gabek phlebovirus	Gabek forest virus (GFV)
	Gordil phlebovirus	Gordil virus (GORV)
	Icoaraci phlebovirus	Icoaraci virus (ICOV)
	Itaituba phlebovirus	Itaituba virus (ITAV)
	Itaporanga phlebovirus	Itaporanga virus (ITPV)
	Ixcanal phlebovirus	Ixcanal virus (IXCV)
	Karimabad phlebovirus	Karimabad virus (KARV)
	La Gloria phlebovirus	La Gloria virus (LAGV)
	Lara phlebovirus	Rio Claro virus (RICV)
	Leticia phlebovirus	Leticia virus (LTCV)
	Maldonado phlebovirus	Maldonado virus (MLOV)
	Mariquita phlebovirus	Mariquita virus (MRQV)
	Massilia phlebovirus	Massilia virus (MASV)
	Medjerda phlebovirus	Medjerda Valley virus (MVV)
	Mona Grita phlebovirus	Mona Grita virus (MOGV)
	Mukawa phlebovirus	Mukawa virus (MKWV)
	Munguba phlebovirus	Munguba virus (MUNV)
	Naples phlebovirus	Arrábida virus (ARRV)
		Balkan virus (BALKV)
		Fermo virus (FERV)
		Granada virus (GRV = GRAV)
		Saddaguia virus (SADV)
		sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV)
	Nique phlebovirus	Nique virus (NIQV)
	Ntepes phlebovirus	Ntepes virus (NTPV)
	Odrenisrou phlebovirus	Odrénisrou virus (ODRV)
	Oriximina phlebovirus	Oriximiná virus (ORXV)
	Pena Blanca phlebovirus	Peña Blanca virus (PEBV)
	Punique phlebovirus	Punique virus (PUNV)
	Punta Toro phlebovirus	Buenaventura virus (BUEV)
		Capira virus (CAPIV)
		Punta Toro virus (PTV)
	Rift Valley fever phlebovirus^*	Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)
	Rio Grande phlebovirus	Rio Grande virus (RGV)
	Saint Floris phlebovirus	Saint-Floris virus (SAFV)
	Salanga phlebovirus	Salanga virus (SLGV)
	Salehabad phlebovirus	Adria virus (ADRV)
		Arbia virus (ARBV)
		Bregalaka virus (BREV)
		Olbia virus (OLBV)
		Salehabad virus (SALV)
		Zaba virus (ZABAV)
	Salobo phlabovirus [sic]²	Salobo virus (SLBOV)
	Sicilian phlebovirus	sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV)
	Tapara phlebovirus	Tapará virus (TPRV)
	Tehran phlebovirus	Tehran virus (THEV)
	Tico phebovirus [sic]³	Tico virus (TICV)
	Toros phlebovirus	Toros virus (TORV)
	Toscana phlebovirus	Toscana virus (TOSV)
	Tres Almendras phlebovirus	Tres Almendras virus (TRAV)
	Turuna phlebovirus	Turuna virus (TUAV)
	Uriurana phlebovirus	Uriurana virus (URIV)
	Urucuri phlebovirus	Urucuri virus (URUV)
	Viola phlebovirus	viola virus (VIOV)
	Zerdali phlebovirus	Zerdali virus (ZERV)
Pidchovirus	Pidgey pidchovirus^*	Pidgey virus (PGYV)
Rubodvirus	Apple rubodvirus 1^*	apple rubbery wood virus 1 (ARWV-1)
	Apple rubodvirus 2	apple rubbery wood virus 2 (ARWV-2)
Tenuivirus	Echinochloa hoja blanca tenuivirus	Echinochloa hoja blanca virus (EHBV)
	Iranian wheat stripe tenuivirus	Iranian wheat stripe virus (IWSV)
	Maize stripe tenuivirus	maize stripe virus (MStV = MSpV)
	Melon tenuivirus	melon chlorotic spot virus (MeCSV)
	Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus	rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV)
	Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus	rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV)
	Rice stripe tenuivirus^*	rice stripe virus (RSV = RStV)
	Urochloa hoja blanca tenuivirus	Urochloa hoja blanca virus (UHBV)
Uukuvirus	American dog uukuvirus	American dog tick virus (ADAV)
	Dabieshan uukuvirus	Dàbiéshān tick virus (DBSH)
	Grand Arbaud uukuvirus	Grand Arbaud virus (GAV)
	Huangpi uukuvirus	Huángpí tick virus 2 (HpTV-2)
	Kabuto mountain uukuvirus	Kabuto mountain virus (KAMV)
	Kaisodi uukuvirus	Kaisodi virus (KASDV)
	Lihan uukuvirus	Lǐhán tick virus (LITV)
	Manawa uukuvirus	Manawa virus (MWAV)
	Murre uukuvirus	murre virus (MURV)
	Pacific coast uukuvirus	Pacific coast tick virus (PACV)
	Precarious Point uukuvirus	Precarious Point virus (PPV)
	Rukutama uukuvirus	Rukutama virus (RUKV)
	Schmid uukuvirus	Nile Warbler virus (NIWV)
	Silverwater uukuvirus	Silverwater virus (SILV)
	Tacheng uukuvirus	Tǎchéng tick virus 2 (TCGV)
	Uukuniemi uukuvirus^*	Chizé virus (CHZV)
		Fin V 707 virus (FINV)
		Oceanside virus (OCV = OCEV)
		Pontevès virus (PTVV)
		St. Abbs Head virus (SAHV)
		Uukuniemi virus (UUKV)
	Yongjia uukuvirus	Yǒngjiā tick virus (YONV)
	Zaliv Terpeniya uukuvirus	Zaliv Terpeniya virus (ZTV)
Wenrivirus	Shrimp wenrivirus^*	Wēnzhōu shrimp virus 1 (WzSV-1)
Family Tospoviridae
Orthotospovirus	Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus	Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus (ANSV)
	Alstroemeria yellow spot orthotospovirus	Alstroemeria yellow spot virus (AYSV)
	Bean necrotic mosaic orthotospovirus	bean necrotic mosaic virus (BeNMV)
	Calla lily chlorotic spot orthotospovirus	calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV)
	Capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus	Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV)
	Chrysanthemum stem necrosis orthotospovirus	Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV)
	Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus	groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV)
	Groundnut chlorotic fan spot orthotospovirus	groundnut chlorotic fan-spot virus (GCFSV)
	Groundnut ringspot orthotospovirus	groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV)
	Groundnut yellow spot orthotospovirus	groundnut yellow spot virus (GYSV)
	Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot orthotospovirus	Hippeastrum chlorotic spot virus (HCRV)
	Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus	impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
	Iris yellow spot orthotospovirus	iris yellow spot virus (IYSV)
	Melon severe mosaic orthotospovirus	melon severe mosaic virus (MSMV)
	Melon yellow spot orthotospovirus	melon yellow spot virus (MYSV)
	Mulberry vein banding associated orthotospovirus	mulberry vein banding-associated virus (MVBaV)
	Pepper chlorotic spot orthotospovirus	pepper chlorotic spot virus (PCSV)
	Polygonum ringspot orthotospovirus	Polygonum ringspot virus (PolRSV)
	Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus	soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV)
	Tomato chlorotic spot orthotospovirus	tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV)
	Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus^*	tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
	Tomato yellow ring orthotospovirus	tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV)
	Tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus	tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV)
	Watermelon bud necrosis orhtotospovirus	watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV)
	Watermelon silver mottle orthotospovirus	watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV)
	Zucchini lethal chlorosis orthotospovirus	zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV)
Family Wupedeviridae
Wumivirus	Millipede wumivirus^*	Wǔhàn millipede virus 2 (WhMV-2)

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Note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, subfamilies, families, and orders are taxa.

type species

Due to a formal classification mistake this species was named Lone Star bandavirus instead of Lone star bandavirus. A proposal to correct this mistake will be submitted prior to the next taxonomic proposal submission deadline.

Due to a formal classification mistake this species was named Salobo phlabovirus instead of Salobo phlebovirus. A proposal to correct this mistake will be submitted prior to the next taxonomic proposal submission deadline.

Due to a formal classification mistake this species was named Tico phebovirus instead of Tico phlebovirus. A proposal to correct this mistake will be submitted prior to the next taxonomic proposal submission deadline

^¶

Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank W. Ian Lipkin and Rafal Tokarz (Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA) for providing/approving new names for “blacklegged tick phleboviruses 1 and 3” and Edward Holmes (University of Sydney, Australia) for providing/approving a new name for “Norway phlebovirus”. We would like to thank Anya Crane (NIH/NIAID/DCR/IRF-Frederick).

Funding

This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494.

Footnotes

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of the Army, the US Department of Defense, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The US departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Contributor Information

Jens H. Kuhn, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Scott Adkins, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA.

Daniela Alioto, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy.

Sergey V. Alkhovsky, D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Russia.

Gaya Amarasinghe, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Simon J. Anthony, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA.

Tatjana Avšič-Županc, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, Slovenia.

María A. Ayllón, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Justin Bahl, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA.

Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Matthew J. Ballinger, Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.

Tomáš Bartonička, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.

Christopher Basler, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Sina Bavari, Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Martin Beer, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Dennis A. Bente, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Éric Bergeron, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Brian H. Bird, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis California USA.

Carol D. Blair, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA.

Kim R. Blasdell, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Steven Bradfute, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Rachel Breyta, US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Thomas Briese, Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Paul A. Brown, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France.

Ursula J. Buchholz, RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Michael J. Buchmeier, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

Alexander Bukreyev, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston Natonal Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.

Felicity Burt, Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa.

Nihal Buzkan, UNIVERSITY OF KAHRAMANMARAS SÜTÇÜ IMAM FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION AVSAR CAMPUS, 46060 KAHRAMANMARAS, TURKEY.

Charles H. Calisher, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Mèngjí Cáo, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.

Inmaculada Casas, Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

John Chamberlain, Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom.

Kartik Chandran, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.

Rémi N. Charrel, Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.

Biao Chen, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China.

Michela Chiumenti, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante - Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - National Research Council), ITALY.

Il-Ryong Choi, Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.

J. Christopher S. Clegg, Les Mandinaux, Le Grand Madieu, France.

Ian Crozier, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland USA.

John V. da Graça, Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco Texas, USA.

Elena Dal Bó, CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

Alberto M. R. Dávila, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Xavier de Lamballerie, Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.

Juan Carlos de la Torre, Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.

Rik L. de Swart, Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Patrick L. Di Bello, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.

Nicholas Di Paola, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Francesco Di Serio, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.

Ralf G. Dietzgen, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.

Michele Digiaro, CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.

Valerian V. Dolja, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Olga Dolnik, Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Michael A. Drebot, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;.

J. Felix Drexler, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Ralf Dürrwald, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany.

Lucie Dufkova, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.

William G. Dundon, Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.

W. Paul Duprex, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

John M. Dye, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Andrew J. Easton, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Hideki Ebihara, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Toufic Elbeaino, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.

Koray Ergünay, Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Jorlan Fernandes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Anthony R. Fooks, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK.

Pierre B. H. Formenty, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Leonie Forth, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Ron Fouchier, Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.

Selma Gago-Zachert, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany; Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle/Saale, Germany.

George Fú Gāo, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

María Laura García, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.

Adolfo García-Sastre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Aura R. Garrison, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Aiah Gbakima, Metabiota, Inc. Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Tracey Goldstein, One Health Institute & Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA.

Anthony Griffiths, Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Martin H. Groschup, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Stephan Günther, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Hamburg, Germany.

Alexandro Guterres, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Roy A. Hall, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

John Hammond, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.

Mohamed Hassan, Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.

Jussi Hepojoki, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Satu Hepojoki, Mobidiag Ltd, Espoo, Finland; University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland.

Udo Hetzel, Institute of VeterinarypPathology, University of Zuerich, Switzerland.

Roger Hewson, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, UK.

Bernd Hoffmann, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Seiji Hongo, Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.

Dirk Höper, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Masayuki Horie, Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Holly R. Hughes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

Timothy H. Hyndman, School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.

Amara Jambai, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Rodrigo Jardim, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Dàohóng Jiāng, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.

Qi Jin, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.

Gilda B. Jonson, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Sandra Junglen, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany.

Serpil Karadağ, REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY,PISTACHIO RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GAZIANTEP, TURKEY.

Karen E. Keller, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

Boris Klempa, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Jonas Klingström, Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Gary Kobinger, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.

Hideki Kondō, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan.

Eugene V. Koonin, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Mart Krupovic, Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Gael Kurath, US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Ivan V. Kuzmin, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, USA.

Lies Laenen, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Robert A. Lamb, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

Amy J. Lambert, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

Stanley L. Langevin, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Washington, USA.

Benhur Lee, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Elba R. S. Lemos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Eric M. Leroy, MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France.

Dexin Li, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Jiànróng Lǐ, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Mifang Liang, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China.

Wénwén Liú, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.

Yàn Liú, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.

Igor S. Lukashevich, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

Piet Maes, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium.

William Marciel de Souza, Virology Research Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Marco Marklewitz, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany.

Sergio H. Marshall, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile.

Giovanni P. Martelli, Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy.

Robert R. Martin, United States Department of Agriculture, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Department of Biology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.

Sébastien Massart, Liège University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Belgium.

John W. McCauley, Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Angelantonio Minafra, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante - Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - National Research Council), ITALY.

Maria Minutolo, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy.

Ali Mirazimi, Folkhalsomyndigheten, Stockholm, Sweden.

Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Elke Mühlberger, Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Rayapati Naidu, Washington State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, USA.

Tomohide Natsuaki, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.

Beatriz Navarro, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.

José A. Navarro, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain.

Sergey V. Netesov, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.

Gabriele Neumann, Influenza Research Institute, Dept. of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Norbert Nowotny, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Márcio R. T. Nunes, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Pará, Brazil.

Are Nylund, Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Arnfinn L. Økland, Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Renata C. Oliveira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Gustavo Palacios, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Vicente Pallás, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain..

Bernadett Pályi, National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary.

Anna Papa, National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Colin R. Parrish, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.

Janusz T. Pawęska, Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.

Susan Payne, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Daniel R. Pérez, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Florian Pfaff, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany.

Sheli R. Radoshitzky, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.

Aziz-ul Rahman, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Pedro L. Ramos-González, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Renato O. Resende, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.

Carina A. Reyes, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Bertus K. Rima, Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.

Gabriel Robles Luna, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Víctor Romanowski, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico—Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

Paul Rota, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Dennis Rubbenstroth, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany.

Jonathan A. Runstadler, Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA.

Daniel Ruzek, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

Sead Sabanadzovic, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.

Jiří Salát, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

Amadou Alpha Sall, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.

Maria S. Salvato, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Kamil Sarpkaya, Karabuk University (UNIKA), Faculty of Forestry , Department of Forestry Engineering, TURKEY.

Takahide Sasaya, Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan.

Martin Schwemmle, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.

Muhammad Z. Shabbir, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Xiǎohóng Shí, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

Zhènglì Shí, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China..

Yukio Shirako, Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Peter Simmonds, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Jana Širmarová, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.

Manuela Sironi, Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea,” Bosisio Parini, Italy.

Sophie Smither, CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.

Teemu Smura, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland.

Jin-Won Song, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Kirsten Spann, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Jessica R. Spengler, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens & Pathology, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

Mark D. Stenglein, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

David M. Stone, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.

Petra Straková, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.

Ayato Takada, Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Robert B. Tesh, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Natalie J. Thornburg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Keizō Tomonaga, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Noël Tordo, Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Paris, France & Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea.

Jonathan S. Towner, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Massimo Turina, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Ioannis Tzanetakis, Dept. of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701.

Rainer G. Ulrich, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany, and Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Anna Maria Vaira, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Bernadette van den Hoogen, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Arvind Varsani, The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.

Nikos Vasilakis, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Martin Verbeek, Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Victoria Wahl, National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.

Peter J. Walker, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.

Hui Wang, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.

Jianwei Wang, NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Lin-Fa Wang, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

Xifeng Wang, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.

Tàiyún Wèi, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

Heather Wells, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity.

Anna E. Whitfield, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

John V. Williams, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Yuri I. Wolf, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Zhìqiáng Wú, MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, IPB, CAMS.

Xin Yang, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China.

Xīnglóu Yáng, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China..

Xue-Jie Yu, Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China.

Natalya Yutin, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

F. Murilo Zerbini, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Tong Zhang, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China.

Yong-Zhen Zhang, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.

Guohui Zhou, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangdong, China.

Xueping Zhou, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.

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PERMALINK

2020 TAXONOMIC UPDATE FOR PHYLUM Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), INCLUDING THE LARGE ORDERS Bunyavirales AND Mononegavirales

Jens H Kuhn

Scott Adkins

Daniela Alioto

Sergey V Alkhovsky

Gaya Amarasinghe

Simon J Anthony

Tatjana Avšič-Županc

María A Ayllón

Justin Bahl

Anne Balkema-Buschmann

Matthew J Ballinger

Tomáš Bartonička

Christopher Basler

Sina Bavari

Martin Beer

Dennis A Bente

Éric Bergeron

Brian H Bird

Carol D Blair

Kim R Blasdell

Steven Bradfute

Rachel Breyta

Thomas Briese

Paul A Brown

Ursula J Buchholz

Michael J Buchmeier

Alexander Bukreyev

Felicity Burt

Nihal Buzkan

Charles H Calisher

Mèngjí Cáo

Inmaculada Casas

John Chamberlain

Kartik Chandran

Rémi N Charrel

Biao Chen

Michela Chiumenti

Il-Ryong Choi

J Christopher S Clegg

Ian Crozier

John V da Graça

Elena Dal Bó

Alberto M R Dávila

Xavier de Lamballerie

Juan Carlos de la Torre

Rik L de Swart

Patrick L Di Bello

Nicholas Di Paola

Francesco Di Serio

Ralf G Dietzgen

Michele Digiaro

Valerian V Dolja

Olga Dolnik

Michael A Drebot

J Felix Drexler

Ralf Dürrwald

Lucie Dufkova

William G Dundon

W Paul Duprex

John M Dye

Andrew J Easton

Hideki Ebihara

Toufic Elbeaino

Koray Ergünay

Jorlan Fernandes

Anthony R Fooks

Pierre B H Formenty

Leonie Forth

Ron Fouchier

Juliana Freitas-Astúa

Selma Gago-Zachert

George Fú Gāo

María Laura García

Adolfo García-Sastre

Aura R Garrison

Aiah Gbakima

Tracey Goldstein

Jean-Paul J Gonzalez