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Advent of Code 2018 in Multi-Platform Kotlin

Intro

In 2018, I will be participating in the Advent of Code using Kotlin multi-platform code only. This means I can run my solutions on the JVM, on Node JS and natively on Windows through MinGW.

I will be measuring the performance of each platform by measuring the elapsed time calculating the solution N times:

val times = (1..repeat).map {
    measureNanos {
        Puzzles.run(day, part)
    }
}

where repeat is the number of desired repetitions, and day and part are used to select the proper challenge.

Note that the measureNanos function is the first example of functionality that isn't available in common code, since measuring time is platform-specific. The function is implemented using Kotlin's expext/actual mechanism.

Runner.kt defines its expectation of a function measureNanos for each supported platform with the signature:

expect inline fun measureNanos(block: () -> Unit): Long

Each platform provides an actual implementation in files called Actuals.kt. On the JVM and native, we can use measureNanoTime as provided by the Kotlin standard library on these platforms:

JVM and Native:

actual inline fun measureNanos(block: () -> Unit) = measureNanoTime(block)

On Node, we need to write our own implementation:

actual inline fun measureNanos(block: () -> Unit): Long {
    val start = process.hrtime()
    block()
    val end = process.hrtime(start)
    val nanos = (end[0] * 1e9 + end[1]) as Double
    return nanos.roundToLong()
}

Usually, I try to finish a puzzle as quickly as possible, then spend some time to cleanup and optimise the code. If and when these optimizations alter the performance, I'll update the measurements below to reflect the new solution.

Important

There is a very explicit warning in the FAQ of Kotlin/Native that says the current version of Kotlin/Native is not suited for performance analysis, as it has not been optimised in any way for performance and benchmarking.

Apart from that, all measurements were taken on my laptop, under non-controlled circumstances using non-optimized code and tools. So, if you use the results below for anything important, you're insane...

Day 01

The answer to today's challenge show quite a dramatic difference in performance between the platforms, with native an order of magnitude slower than JVM and JS. The table below shows the duration of the calculation in ms.

It's clear to see JVM's just-in-time compiler do its magic, with duration dropping rapidly after the first iteration.

JVM    101,  18,  44,  10,  27,  12,  23,  10,  27,  10,  10,  10,  12,  53,  12,  14,  19,  14,  44,  13,  10,  11,  13,  15,  16
JS     107,  59,  50,  65,  79,  58,  60,  79,  46,  59,  79,  68,  45,  58, 104,  74,  72,  90,  91,  65,  57,  76,  55,  74, 115 
MinGW  413, 362, 362, 368, 360, 359, 362, 362, 370, 363, 384, 405, 369, 380, 382, 379, 472, 365, 362, 382, 386, 364, 362, 364, 371 

My first solution to the second part of the puzzle used a List instead of a Set to keep track of frequencies. This turned out to be dramatically slower, with each iteration taking 15+ seconds on the JVM.

Day 02

On day 2 we see a similar picture as Day 1:

JVM    136,  31,  31,  27,  28,  27,  25,  25,  25,  25,  19,  16,  19,  16,  17,  19,  16,  17,  26,  17,  16,  14,  14,  14,  14
JS     278, 172, 126, 130, 159, 157, 185, 136, 197, 182, 159, 123, 117, 118, 118, 119, 118, 114, 115, 118, 116, 116, 116, 116, 133 
MinGW  702, 657, 658, 648, 648, 648, 636, 627, 636, 631, 629, 625, 625, 623, 622, 621, 619, 622, 622, 623, 625, 622, 626, 621, 621 

Day 03

Performance differences between platforms are again as expected, with (after warm-up) the JVM taking 127ms in its best run, NodeJS 933ms and MinGW 4433ms

JVM     479,  305,  346,  292,  325,  302,  348,  285,  130,  142,  214,  196,  192,  190,  195,  133,  126,  129,  234,  127,  132,  132,  255,  190,  200
JS     1568, 1222, 1031,  970, 1003, 1004,  960, 1040, 1093,  988,  987,  989,  933, 1017, 1026,  951, 1015,  932, 1036, 1010,  955, 1009, 1045, 1012,  973
MinGW  4556, 4433, 4451, 4886, 4449, 4512, 4812, 5660, 4808, 4828, 4612, 4870, 4735, 4658, 4700, 4971, 4602, 4817, 4652, 5319, 4771, 4466, 5031, 5498, 5299

Day 04

JVM    132, 30, 21, 15, 15,  8,  6,  8,  8,  8,  8,  7,  8,  9,  9,  5,  7,  8,  8,  8,  7,  6,   4,   4,  4
JS     150, 97, 44, 32, 34, 24, 21, 20, 23, 20, 29, 28, 20, 19, 20, 28, 18, 21, 22, 20, 19, 20,  26,  30, 31
MinGW  109, 93, 78, 78, 78, 78, 93, 63, 93, 78, 78, 78, 93, 78, 78, 93, 78, 78, 78, 79, 93, 78, 109, 109, 125

Day 05

JVM      90,  30,  52,  28,  15,  14,  15,  19,  18,  17,  17,  16,  16,  16,  16,  21,  18,  19,  17,  22,  20,  24,  21,  25,  18
JS      415, 269, 366, 381, 366, 279, 273, 275, 222, 251, 259, 246, 221, 262, 241, 224, 245, 243, 236, 241, 240, 244, 311, 227, 243
MinGW   329, 249, 267, 234, 251, 234, 250, 218, 219, 281, 218, 235, 329, 218, 218, 234, 249, 252, 265, 235, 250, 242, 265, 265, 266

Day 06

JVM      1159,   475,   737,   338,   298,   292,   288,   323,   371,   344,   322,   299,   279,   354,   376,   349,   302,   279,   357,   339,   309,   283,   270,   345,   329
JS       3692,  3075,  3065,  3075,  3075,  3013,  3020,  3106,  3082,  3018,  3143,  3303,  3070,  3102,  3077,  3037,  3002,  3097,  3075,  3061,  3072,  3013,  3074,  3023,  3075
MinGW   15513, 13786, 14103, 13545, 13373, 13354, 13994, 13405, 13460, 13600, 13693, 13249, 13455, 13172, 12965, 13361, 12916, 13182, 13226, 13561, 12944, 14516, 13039, 13106, 13562

Day 07

JVM     108,  18,  19, 14, 18, 19, 17, 17, 16, 14, 26, 13, 12, 10, 10, 13, 11,  8,  8,  8,   8,  8,  8,  8,  8
JS      146,  95,  67, 48, 54, 52, 48, 43, 47, 56, 56, 56, 46, 41, 48, 88, 52, 54, 56, 61, 147, 56, 51, 57, 59
MinGW   114, 107, 101, 95, 97, 97, 99, 95, 92, 95, 94, 97, 95, 95, 93, 98, 92, 96, 95, 93,  94, 96, 99, 98, 97

Day 08

JVM     61,  6,  6, 13,  5,  4,  5,  3,  5,  5, 14,  4,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  3,  4,  2,  2,  2
JS      62, 26, 14, 10,  4,  5,  4,  4,  4,  5,  6,  5,  5,  6,  5,  5,  6,  5,  5,  5,  5,  6,  7,  8,  6
MinGW   47, 47, 45, 46, 40, 48, 40, 41, 38, 39, 38, 48, 52, 47, 47, 40, 41, 42, 43, 43, 41, 41, 43, 43, 40

Day 09

Part 2 only, as this is just part 1 but with more iterations

JVM     911,  849,  858,  804,  580,  677,  754,  802,  878,  645,  718,  566,  783,  791,  674,  745,  659,  690,  843,  653,  636,  647,  588,  614,  563
JS     7972, 5725, 7785, 6902, 5954, 7249, 7683, 6372, 6798, 5879, 6393, 6482, 6961, 7328, 7099, 7267, 6660, 6630, 7021, 6667, 7325, 7344, 7020, 5753, 6491
MinGW  DNF - Process finished with exit code -1,073,741,571.

Day 10

JVM     262,  125,  111,   67,   51,   46,   44,   52,   65,   48,   63,   68,   55,   53,   87,   72,   69,   59,   61,  119,   74,   68,   56,   67,  114
JS      454,  321,  432,  378,  428,  284,  262,  267,  263,  257,  254,  259,  259,  253,  258,  257,  254,  264,  257,  258,  260,  263,  255,  256,  261
MinGW  5830, 6231, 6296, 6273, 6445, 6465, 6451, 6610, 6593, 6360, 6393, 6598, 6351, 5959, 6210, 6709, 6418, 6041, 6226, 6067, 6589, 6148, 6213, 6125, 6110

Day 11

JVM     103,  59,  49,  44,  43,  48,  39,  39,  48,  46,  43,  39,  39,  40,  44,  43,  56,  42,  39,  57,  71,  67,  56,  47,  42
JS      114, 114,  91,  84, 103,  84,  93,  98, 102,  89, 136, 108, 183,  91, 110, 142, 143, 110, 107, 101,  85,  79,  78,  78,  89
MinGW   495, 476, 473, 471, 470, 477, 468, 470, 479, 473, 468, 473, 475, 472, 470, 472, 478, 470, 470, 563, 637, 529, 478, 487, 481

Day 12

JVM     171,  22,  29,  32,  27,  27,  40,  33,  37,  31,  28,  31,  28,  38,  30,  32,  19,  18,  18,  19,   19,   19,  19,   42,  33
JS      599, 663, 913, 604, 411, 391, 434, 371, 378, 391, 413, 377, 376, 380, 389, 375, 436, 414, 386, 383,  387,  383, 381,  375, 384
MinGW   964, 882, 896, 872, 842, 856, 819, 817, 826, 911, 849, 918, 867, 905, 911, 862, 858, 864, 932, 990, 1062, 1123, 919, 1007, 914

Day 13

JVM      185,  41,   55,   41,   21,  21,   21,   22,   20,   20,   20,   19,   19,   21,   20,   20,   20,   20,   23,   20,   13,   14,   19,   17,  20
JS       206, 147,  131,  124,  106, 131,  107,  150,  108,  152,  159,  126,  127,  103,   93,   81,   80,   77,   79,   75,   78,   75,  124,   84,  77
MinGW   1048, 999, 1001, 1047, 1001, 995, 1084, 1079, 1312, 1080, 1047, 1062, 1015, 1016, 1016, 1276, 1242, 1045, 1016, 1095, 1140, 1157, 1063, 1035, 997

Day 15

Part 1 only, Part 2 is just multiple iterations of part 1

JVM     2577,  1588,  1440,   814,   707,   653,   629,   679,    654,   715,   643,   630,   640,   625,   644,   711,   628,   621,   632,   641,   624,   641,   631,   733,   625
JS     96180, 91861, 91553, 94814, 92427, 97929, 98084, 96629, 101512, 91892, 93183, 93240, 93145, 93284, 93140, 93008, 92464, 93455, 92053, 93561, 92639, 92330, 91834, 92319, 93662
MinGW  28506, 28514, 29037, 27034, 27130, 26862, 26765, 27248,  31764, 33451, 27041, 31480, 26902, 26986, 26955, 27487, 27932, 27127, 27879, 27555, 27217, 27077, 26918, 26804, 27221

Day 16

Today for the first time I got this warning while running the native version, which I say online but never experienced myself before:

C:\BuildAgent\work\4d622a065c544371\runtime\src\main\cpp\Memory.cpp:1150: runtime assert: Memory leaks found

So, memory leaks! Does'nt seem to hurt the performance too much though:

JVM     236,  37,  43,  51,  48,  47,  44,  32,  44,  47,  41,  45,  37,  39,  46,  55,  56,  17,  14,  10,   9,  12,  14,  21,  17
JS      194, 117,  88,  66,  53,  60,  63,  71,  70,  74,  94,  73,  65, 115,  57,  57,  80,  77,  76, 110,  66,  79,  67,  76,  68
MinGW   227, 213, 190, 185, 189, 190, 189, 198, 195, 197, 195, 199, 189, 192, 190, 191, 189, 186, 184, 195, 201, 197, 188, 191, 193

Day 17

JVM    256,  69,  51,  42,  28,  33,  27,  24,  24,  19,  26,  32,  27,  32,  35,  28,  37,  27,  31,  23,  35,  38,  38,  28,  22
JS     316, 215, 275, 155, 241, 140, 253, 164, 189, 130, 156, 119, 158, 308, 135, 256, 152, 243, 181, 173, 159, 178, 149, 154, 138
MinGW  649, 476, 576, 796, 393, 660, 473, 685, 507, 552, 449, 639, 548, 484, 632, 462, 639, 508, 678, 516, 663, 636, 488, 712, 497

Day 18

JVM      936,   660,   670,   399,   393,   398,   414,   631,   452,   508,   442,   543,   536,   478,   518,   619,   390,   393,   373,   540,   516,   503,   380,   375,   407
JS      8966,  8843,  8529,  8862,  8659,  8739,  9221,  9050,  9056,  9358,  8671,  8787,  9288,  9496,  8686,  8856,  8386,  9171,  8723,  8853,  8332,  8968,  9214, 11370, 10733
MinGW  17518, 19046, 16335, 17301, 18215, 16456, 15979, 15913, 15972, 16208, 16022, 15879, 15866, 16364, 15811, 16003, 16193, 16233, 16099, 16227, 19049, 19641, 18687, 19536, 16219

Day 19

JVM     330,  192,  178,  281,  237,  266,  282,  206,  217,  162,  164,  166,  164,  168,  169,  176,  154,  153,  156,  150,  165,  160,  158,  153,  155
JS      560,  692,  714,  488,  490,  484,  498,  492,  490,  497,  491,  493,  486,  512,  499,  495,  488,  490,  486,  492,  492,  486,  491,  483,  486
MinGW  5020, 5464, 4903, 4964, 5159, 5203, 5172, 5252, 5159, 5106, 4870, 5215, 4994, 4986, 4946, 4978, 4985, 4980, 4999, 4983, 4983, 4985, 5016, 5243, 5001

Day 21

JVM      209,   65,   61,   63,   64,   60,   56,   54,   55,   54,   73,   73,   74,   57,   84,   73,   76,   71,   80,   112,   58,   66,   70,   70,  89
JS       375,  475,  490,  587,  354,  330,  332,  329,  344,  452,  460,  421,  422,  410,  410,  412,  409,  411,  408,  410,  422,  432,  436,  436,  433
MinGW   3774, 3196, 3450, 3493, 3277, 3486, 3337, 3296, 3237, 3269, 3371, 3908, 3934, 3875, 3724, 3784, 3819, 4418, 3744, 3685, 3451, 3338, 3464, 3374, 3464

Day 22

JVM      1036, 1810,  208,  195,  165,  165,  176,  179,  175,  159,  186,  173,  170,  172,  181,  164,  168,  166,  180,  173,  178,  190,  178,  173,  171
JS       1876, 1161, 1154, 1075, 1092, 1093, 1075, 1119, 1094, 1135, 1058, 1130, 1060, 1071, 1123, 1218, 1066, 1102, 1218, 1535, 1155, 1191, 1123, 1128, 1212
MinGW    DNF

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