*/
#ifndef __CR_H__
#define __CR_H__

//
// Global OS specific defines/customizations
//
#if defined(_WIN32)
#define CR_WINDOWS
#define CR_PLUGIN(name) "" name ".dll"
#elif defined(__linux__)
#define CR_LINUX
#define CR_PLUGIN(name) "lib" name ".so"
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#define CR_OSX
#define CR_PLUGIN(name) "lib" name ".dylib"
#else
#error "Unknown/unsupported platform, please open an issue if you think this \
platform should be supported."
#endif // CR_WINDOWS || CR_LINUX || CR_OSX

//
// Global compiler specific defines/customizations
//
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#if defined(__cplusplus)
#define CR_EXPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
#define CR_IMPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllimport)
#else
#define CR_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#define CR_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
#endif // defined(_MSC_VER)

#if defined(__GNUC__) // clang & gcc
#if defined(__cplusplus)
#define CR_EXPORT extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#else
#define CR_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#endif
#define CR_IMPORT
#endif // defined(__GNUC__)

#if defined(__MINGW32__)
#undef CR_EXPORT
#if defined(__cplusplus)
#define CR_EXPORT  extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define CR_EXPORT  __declspec(dllexport)
#endif
#endif

// cr_mode defines how much we validate global state transfer between
// instances. The default is CR_UNSAFE, you can choose another mode by
// defining CR_HOST, ie.: #define CR_HOST CR_SAFEST
enum cr_mode {
    CR_SAFEST = 0, // validate address and size of the state section, if
                   // anything changes the load will rollback
    CR_SAFE = 1,   // validate only the size of the state section, this means
                   // that address is assumed to be safe if avoided keeping
                   // references to global/static states
    CR_UNSAFE = 2, // don't validate anything but that the size of the section
                   // fits, may not be identical though
    CR_DISABLE = 3 // completely disable the auto state transfer
};

// cr_op is passed into the guest process to indicate the current operation
// happening so the process can manage its internal data if it needs.
enum cr_op {
    CR_LOAD = 0,
    CR_STEP = 1,
    CR_UNLOAD = 2,
    CR_CLOSE = 3,
};

enum cr_failure {
    CR_NONE,     // No error
    CR_SEGFAULT, // SIGSEGV / EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION
    CR_ILLEGAL,  // illegal instruction (SIGILL) / EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION
    CR_ABORT,    // abort (SIGBRT)
    CR_MISALIGN, // bus error (SIGBUS) / EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT
    CR_BOUNDS,   // EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED
    CR_STACKOVERFLOW, // EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW
    CR_STATE_INVALIDATED, // one or more global data section changed and does
                          // not safely match basically a failure of
                          // cr_plugin_validate_sections
    CR_BAD_IMAGE, // The binary is not valid - compiler is still writing it
    CR_INITIAL_FAILURE, // Plugin version 1 crashed, cannot rollback
    CR_OTHER,    // Unknown or other signal,
    CR_USER = 0x100,
};

struct cr_plugin;

typedef int (*cr_plugin_main_func)(struct cr_plugin *ctx, enum cr_op operation);

// public interface for the plugin context, this has some user facing
// variables that may be used to manage reload feedback.
// - userdata may be used by the user to pass information between reloads
// - version is the reload counter (after loading the first instance it will
//   be 1, not 0)
// - failure is the (platform specific) last error code for any crash that may
//   happen to cause a rollback reload used by the crash protection system
struct cr_plugin {
    void *p;
    void *userdata;
    unsigned int version;
    enum cr_failure failure;
    unsigned int next_version;
    unsigned int last_working_version;
};

#ifndef CR_HOST

// Guest specific compiler defines/customizations
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma section(".state", read, write)
#define CR_STATE __declspec(allocate(".state"))
#endif // defined(_MSC_VER)

#if defined(CR_OSX)
#define CR_STATE __attribute__((used, section("__DATA,__state")))
#else
#if defined(__GNUC__) // clang & gcc
#define CR_STATE __attribute__((section(".state")))
#endif // defined(__GNUC__)
#endif

#else // #ifndef CR_HOST

// Overridable macros
#ifndef CR_LOG
#   ifdef CR_DEBUG
#       include <stdio.h>
#       define CR_LOG(...)     fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__)
#   else
#       define CR_LOG(...)
#   endif
#endif

#ifndef CR_ERROR
#   ifdef CR_DEBUG
#       include <stdio.h>
#       define CR_ERROR(...)     fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
#   else
#       define CR_ERROR(...)
#   endif
#endif

#ifndef CR_TRACE
#   ifdef CR_DEBUG
#       include <stdio.h>
#       define CR_TRACE        fprintf(stdout, "CR_TRACE: %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
#   else
#       define CR_TRACE
#   endif
#endif

#ifndef CR_MAIN_FUNC
#   define CR_MAIN_FUNC "cr_main"
#endif

#ifndef CR_ASSERT
#   include <assert.h>
#   define CR_ASSERT(e)             assert(e)
#endif

#ifndef CR_REALLOC
#   include <stdlib.h>
#   define CR_REALLOC(ptr, size)   ::realloc(ptr, size)
#endif

#ifndef CR_FREE
#   include <stdlib.h>
#   define CR_FREE(ptr)            ::free(ptr)
#endif

#ifndef CR_MALLOC
#   include <stdlib.h>
#   define CR_MALLOC(size)         ::malloc(size)
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
// we should probably push and pop this
#   pragma warning(disable:4003) // not enough actual parameters for macro 'identifier'
#endif

#define CR_DO_EXPAND(x) x##1337
#define CR_EXPAND(x) CR_DO_EXPAND(x)

#if CR_EXPAND(CR_HOST) == 1337
#define CR_OP_MODE CR_UNSAFE
#else
#define CR_OP_MODE CR_HOST
#endif

#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>  // duration for sleep
#include <cstring> // memcpy
#include <string>
#include <thread> // this_thread::sleep_for

#if defined(CR_WINDOWS)
#define CR_PATH_SEPARATOR '\\'
#define CR_PATH_SEPARATOR_INVALID '/'
#else
#define CR_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
#define CR_PATH_SEPARATOR_INVALID '\\'
#endif

static void cr_split_path(std::string path, std::string &parent_dir,
                          std::string &base_name, std::string &ext) {
    std::replace(path.begin(), path.end(), CR_PATH_SEPARATOR_INVALID,
                 CR_PATH_SEPARATOR);
    auto sep_pos = path.rfind(CR_PATH_SEPARATOR);
    auto dot_pos = path.rfind('.');

    if (sep_pos == std::string::npos) {
        parent_dir = "";
        if (dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
            ext = "";
            base_name = path;
        } else {
            ext = path.substr(dot_pos);
            base_name = path.substr(0, dot_pos);
        }
    } else {
        parent_dir = path.substr(0, sep_pos + 1);
        if (dot_pos == std::string::npos || sep_pos > dot_pos) {
            ext = "";
            base_name = path.substr(sep_pos + 1);
        } else {
            ext = path.substr(dot_pos);
            base_name = path.substr(sep_pos + 1, dot_pos - sep_pos - 1);
        }
    }
}

static std::string cr_version_path(const std::string &basepath,
                                   unsigned version,
                                   const std::string &temppath) {
    std::string folder, fname, ext;
    cr_split_path(basepath, folder, fname, ext);
    std::string ver = std::to_string(version);
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    // When patching PDB file path in library file we will drop path and leave only file name.
    // Length of path is extra space for version number. Trim file name only if version number
    // length exceeds pdb folder path length. This is not relevant on other platforms.
    if (ver.size() > folder.size()) {
        fname = fname.substr(0, fname.size() - (ver.size() - folder.size() - 1));
    }
#endif
    if (!temppath.empty()) {
        folder = temppath;
    }
    return folder + fname + ver + ext;
}

namespace cr_plugin_section_type {
enum e { state, bss, count };
}

namespace cr_plugin_section_version {
enum e { backup, current, count };
}

struct cr_plugin_section {
    cr_plugin_section_type::e type = {};
    intptr_t base = 0;
    char *ptr = 0;
    int64_t size = 0;
    void *data = nullptr;
};

struct cr_plugin_segment {
    char *ptr = 0;
    int64_t size = 0;
};

// keep track of some internal state about the plugin, should not be messed
// with by user
struct cr_internal {
    std::string fullname = {};
    std::string temppath = {};
    time_t timestamp = {};
    void *handle = nullptr;
    cr_plugin_main_func main = nullptr;
    cr_plugin_segment seg = {};
    cr_plugin_section data[cr_plugin_section_type::count]
                          [cr_plugin_section_version::count] = {};
    cr_mode mode = CR_SAFEST;
};

static bool cr_plugin_section_validate(cr_plugin &ctx,
                                       cr_plugin_section_type::e type,
                                       intptr_t vaddr, intptr_t ptr,
                                       int64_t size);
static void cr_plugin_sections_reload(cr_plugin &ctx,
                                      cr_plugin_section_version::e version);
static void cr_plugin_sections_store(cr_plugin &ctx);
static void cr_plugin_sections_backup(cr_plugin &ctx);
static void cr_plugin_reload(cr_plugin &ctx);
static int cr_plugin_unload(cr_plugin &ctx, bool rollback, bool close);
static bool cr_plugin_changed(cr_plugin &ctx);
static bool cr_plugin_rollback(cr_plugin &ctx);
static int cr_plugin_main(cr_plugin &ctx, cr_op operation);

void cr_set_temporary_path(cr_plugin &ctx, const std::string &path) {
    auto pimpl = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    pimpl->temppath = path;
}

#if defined(CR_WINDOWS)

// clang-format off
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#   define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <dbghelp.h>
// clang-format on
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")
#endif
using so_handle = HMODULE;

#ifdef UNICODE
#   define CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_newpath, _path)     std::wstring _newpath(cr_utf8_to_wstring(_path))

static std::wstring cr_utf8_to_wstring(const std::string &str) {
    int wlen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), -1, 0, 0);
    wchar_t wpath_small[MAX_PATH];
    std::unique_ptr<wchar_t[]> wpath_big;
    wchar_t *wpath = wpath_small;
    if (wlen > _countof(wpath_small)) {
        wpath_big = std::unique_ptr<wchar_t[]>(new wchar_t[wlen]);
        wpath = wpath_big.get();
    }

    if (MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), -1, wpath, wlen) != wlen) {
        return L"";
    }

    return wpath;
}
#else
#   define CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_newpath, _path)     const std::string &_newpath = _path
#endif  // UNICODE

static time_t cr_last_write_time(const std::string &path) {
    CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_path, path);
    WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fad;
    if (!GetFileAttributesEx(_path.c_str(), GetFileExInfoStandard, &fad)) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (fad.nFileSizeHigh == 0 && fad.nFileSizeLow == 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    LARGE_INTEGER time;
    time.HighPart = fad.ftLastWriteTime.dwHighDateTime;
    time.LowPart = fad.ftLastWriteTime.dwLowDateTime;

    return static_cast<time_t>(time.QuadPart / 10000000 - 11644473600LL);
}

static bool cr_exists(const std::string &path) {
    CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_path, path);
    return GetFileAttributes(_path.c_str()) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
}

static bool cr_copy(const std::string &from, const std::string &to) {
    CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_from, from);
    CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_to, to);
    return CopyFile(_from.c_str(), _to.c_str(), FALSE) ? true : false;
}

static void cr_del(const std::string& path) {
    CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_path, path);
    DeleteFile(_path.c_str());
}

// If using Microsoft Visual C/C++ compiler we need to do some workaround the
// fact that the compiled binary has a fullpath to the PDB hardcoded inside
// it. This causes a lot of headaches when trying compile while debugging as
// the referenced PDB will be locked by the debugger.
// To solve this problem, we patch the binary to rename the PDB to something
// we know will be unique to our in-flight instance, so when debugging it will
// lock this unique PDB and the compiler will be able to overwrite the
// original one.
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <crtdbg.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>

static std::string cr_replace_extension(const std::string &filepath,
                                        const std::string &ext) {
    std::string folder, filename, old_ext;
    cr_split_path(filepath, folder, filename, old_ext);
    return folder + filename + ext;
}

template <class T>
static T struct_cast(void *ptr, LONG offset = 0) {
    return reinterpret_cast<T>(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(ptr) + offset);
}

// RSDS Debug Information for PDB files
using DebugInfoSignature = DWORD;
#define CR_RSDS_SIGNATURE 'SDSR'
struct cr_rsds_hdr {
    DebugInfoSignature signature;
    GUID guid;
    long version;
    char filename[1];
};

static bool cr_pe_debugdir_rva(PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER optionalHeader,
                               DWORD &debugDirRva, DWORD &debugDirSize) {
    if (optionalHeader->Magic == IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC) {
        auto optionalHeader64 =
            struct_cast<PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64>(optionalHeader);
        debugDirRva =
            optionalHeader64->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG]
                .VirtualAddress;
        debugDirSize =
            optionalHeader64->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG].Size;
    } else {
        auto optionalHeader32 =
            struct_cast<PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32>(optionalHeader);
        debugDirRva =
            optionalHeader32->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG]
                .VirtualAddress;
        debugDirSize =
            optionalHeader32->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG].Size;
    }

    if (debugDirRva == 0 && debugDirSize == 0) {
        return true;
    } else if (debugDirRva == 0 || debugDirSize == 0) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

static bool cr_pe_fileoffset_rva(PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS ntHeaders, DWORD rva,
                                 DWORD &fileOffset) {
    bool found = false;
    auto *sectionHeader = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(ntHeaders);
    for (int i = 0; i < ntHeaders->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
         i++, sectionHeader++) {
        auto sectionSize = sectionHeader->Misc.VirtualSize;
        if ((rva >= sectionHeader->VirtualAddress) &&
            (rva < sectionHeader->VirtualAddress + sectionSize)) {
            found = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!found) {
        return false;
    }

    const int diff = static_cast<int>(sectionHeader->VirtualAddress -
                                sectionHeader->PointerToRawData);
    fileOffset = rva - diff;
    return true;
}

static char *cr_pdb_find(LPBYTE imageBase, PIMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY debugDir) {
    CR_ASSERT(debugDir && imageBase);
    LPBYTE debugInfo = imageBase + debugDir->PointerToRawData;
    const auto debugInfoSize = debugDir->SizeOfData;
    if (debugInfo == 0 || debugInfoSize == 0) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (IsBadReadPtr(debugInfo, debugInfoSize)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (debugInfoSize < sizeof(DebugInfoSignature)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (debugDir->Type == IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_CODEVIEW) {
        auto signature = *(DWORD *)debugInfo;
        if (signature == CR_RSDS_SIGNATURE) {
            auto *info = (cr_rsds_hdr *)(debugInfo);
            if (IsBadReadPtr(debugInfo, sizeof(cr_rsds_hdr))) {
                return nullptr;
            }

            if (IsBadStringPtrA((const char *)info->filename, UINT_MAX)) {
                return nullptr;
            }

            return info->filename;
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

static bool cr_pdb_replace(const std::string &filename, const std::string &pdbname,
                           std::string &orig_pdb) {
    CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_filename, filename);

    HANDLE fp = nullptr;
    HANDLE filemap = nullptr;
    LPVOID mem = 0;
    bool result = false;
    do {
        fp = CreateFile(_filename.c_str(), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
                        FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr, OPEN_EXISTING,
                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr);
        if ((fp == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) || (fp == nullptr)) {
            break;
        }

        filemap = CreateFileMapping(fp, nullptr, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, 0, nullptr);
        if (filemap == nullptr) {
            break;
        }

        mem = MapViewOfFile(filemap, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);
        if (mem == nullptr) {
            break;
        }

        auto dosHeader = struct_cast<PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER>(mem);
        if (dosHeader == 0) {
            break;
        }

        if (IsBadReadPtr(dosHeader, sizeof(IMAGE_DOS_HEADER))) {
            break;
        }

        if (dosHeader->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
            break;
        }

        auto ntHeaders =
            struct_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS>(dosHeader, dosHeader->e_lfanew);
        if (ntHeaders == 0) {
            break;
        }

        if (IsBadReadPtr(ntHeaders, sizeof(ntHeaders->Signature))) {
            break;
        }

        if (ntHeaders->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE) {
            break;
        }

        if (IsBadReadPtr(&ntHeaders->FileHeader, sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER))) {
            break;
        }

        if (IsBadReadPtr(&ntHeaders->OptionalHeader,
                         ntHeaders->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader)) {
            break;
        }

        if (ntHeaders->OptionalHeader.Magic != IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC &&
            ntHeaders->OptionalHeader.Magic != IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC) {
            break;
        }

        auto sectionHeaders = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(ntHeaders);
        if (IsBadReadPtr(sectionHeaders,
                         ntHeaders->FileHeader.NumberOfSections *
                             sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER))) {
            break;
        }

        DWORD debugDirRva = 0;
        DWORD debugDirSize = 0;
        if (!cr_pe_debugdir_rva(&ntHeaders->OptionalHeader, debugDirRva,
                                debugDirSize)) {
            break;
        }

        if (debugDirRva == 0 || debugDirSize == 0) {
            break;
        }

        DWORD debugDirOffset = 0;
        if (!cr_pe_fileoffset_rva(ntHeaders, debugDirRva, debugDirOffset)) {
            break;
        }

        auto debugDir =
            struct_cast<PIMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY>(mem, debugDirOffset);
        if (debugDir == 0) {
            break;
        }

        if (IsBadReadPtr(debugDir, debugDirSize)) {
            break;
        }

        if (debugDirSize < sizeof(IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY)) {
            break;
        }

        int numEntries = debugDirSize / sizeof(IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY);
        if (numEntries == 0) {
            break;
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= numEntries; i++, debugDir++) {
            char *pdb = cr_pdb_find((LPBYTE)mem, debugDir);
            if (pdb) {
                auto len = strlen(pdb);
                if (len >= strlen(pdbname.c_str())) {
                    orig_pdb = pdb;
                    memcpy_s(pdb, len, pdbname.c_str(), pdbname.length());
                    pdb[pdbname.length()] = 0;
                    result = true;
                }
            }
        }
    } while (0);

    if (mem != nullptr) {
        UnmapViewOfFile(mem);
    }

    if (filemap != nullptr) {
        CloseHandle(filemap);
    }

    if ((fp != nullptr) && (fp != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
        CloseHandle(fp);
    }

    return result;
}

bool static cr_pdb_process(const std::string &desination) {
    std::string folder, fname, ext, orig_pdb;
    cr_split_path(desination, folder, fname, ext);
    bool result = cr_pdb_replace(desination, fname + ".pdb", orig_pdb);
    result &= cr_copy(orig_pdb, cr_replace_extension(desination, ".pdb"));
    return result;
}
#endif // _MSC_VER

static void cr_pe_section_save(cr_plugin &ctx, cr_plugin_section_type::e type,
                               int64_t vaddr, int64_t base,
                               IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER &shdr) {
    const auto version = cr_plugin_section_version::current;
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    auto data = &p->data[type][version];
    const size_t old_size = data->size;
    data->base = base;
    data->ptr = (char *)vaddr;
    data->size = shdr.SizeOfRawData;
    data->data = CR_REALLOC(data->data, shdr.SizeOfRawData);
    if (old_size < shdr.SizeOfRawData) {
        memset((char *)data->data + old_size, '\0',
               shdr.SizeOfRawData - old_size);
    }
}

static bool cr_plugin_validate_sections(cr_plugin &ctx, so_handle handle,
                                        const std::string &imagefile,
                                        bool rollback) {
    (void)imagefile;
    CR_ASSERT(handle);
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    if (p->mode == CR_DISABLE) {
        return true;
    }
    auto ntHeaders = ImageNtHeader(handle);
    auto base = ntHeaders->OptionalHeader.ImageBase;
    auto sectionHeaders = (IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER *)(ntHeaders + 1);
    bool result = true;
    for (int i = 0; i < ntHeaders->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; ++i) {
        auto sectionHeader = sectionHeaders[i];
        const int64_t size = sectionHeader.SizeOfRawData;
        if (!strcmp((const char *)sectionHeader.Name, ".state")) {
            if (ctx.version || rollback) {
                result &= cr_plugin_section_validate(
                    ctx, cr_plugin_section_type::state,
                    base + sectionHeader.VirtualAddress, base, size);
            }
            if (result) {
                auto sec = cr_plugin_section_type::state;
                cr_pe_section_save(ctx, sec,
                                   base + sectionHeader.VirtualAddress, base,
                                   sectionHeader);
            }
        } else if (!strcmp((const char *)sectionHeader.Name, ".bss")) {
            if (ctx.version || rollback) {
                result &= cr_plugin_section_validate(
                    ctx, cr_plugin_section_type::bss,
                    base + sectionHeader.VirtualAddress, base, size);
            }
            if (result) {
                auto sec = cr_plugin_section_type::bss;
                cr_pe_section_save(ctx, sec,
                                   base + sectionHeader.VirtualAddress, base,
                                   sectionHeader);
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

static void cr_so_unload(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    CR_ASSERT(p->handle);
    FreeLibrary((HMODULE)p->handle);
}

static so_handle cr_so_load(const std::string &filename) {
    CR_WINDOWS_ConvertPath(_filename, filename);
    auto new_dll = LoadLibrary(_filename.c_str());
    if (!new_dll) {
        CR_ERROR("Couldn't load plugin: %d\n", GetLastError());
    }
    return new_dll;
}

static cr_plugin_main_func cr_so_symbol(so_handle handle) {
    CR_ASSERT(handle);
    auto new_main = (cr_plugin_main_func)GetProcAddress(handle, CR_MAIN_FUNC);
    if (!new_main) {
        CR_ERROR("Couldn't find plugin entry point: %d\n",
                GetLastError());
    }
    return new_main;
}

#ifdef __MINGW32__
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <signal.h>

static jmp_buf env;
static void cr_signal_handler(int sig) {
    __builtin_longjmp(env, 1);
}

static cr_failure cr_signal_to_failure(int sig) {
    switch (sig) {
    case 0:
        return CR_NONE;
    case SIGILL:
        return CR_ILLEGAL;
    case SIGSEGV:
        return CR_SEGFAULT;
    case SIGABRT:
        return CR_ABORT;
    }
    return static_cast<cr_failure>(CR_OTHER + sig);
}
#endif

static void cr_plat_init() {
#ifdef __MINGW32__
    signal(SIGILL, cr_signal_handler);
    signal(SIGSEGV, cr_signal_handler);
    signal(SIGABRT, cr_signal_handler);
#endif
}

static int cr_seh_filter(cr_plugin &ctx, unsigned long seh) {
    if (ctx.version == 1) {
        return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
    }

    ctx.version = ctx.last_working_version;
    switch (seh) {
    case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION:
        ctx.failure = CR_SEGFAULT;
        return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
    case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION:
        ctx.failure = CR_ILLEGAL;
        return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
    case EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT:
        ctx.failure = CR_MISALIGN;
        return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
    case EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED:
        ctx.failure = CR_BOUNDS;
        return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
    case EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW:
        ctx.failure = CR_STACKOVERFLOW;
        return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
}

static int cr_plugin_main(cr_plugin &ctx, cr_op operation) {
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
#ifndef __MINGW32__
    __try {
        if (p->main) {
            return p->main(&ctx, operation);
        }
    } __except (cr_seh_filter(ctx, GetExceptionCode())) {
        return -1;
    }
#else
    if (int sig = __builtin_setjmp(env)) {
        ctx.version = ctx.last_working_version;
        ctx.failure = cr_signal_to_failure(sig);
        CR_LOG("1 FAILURE: %d (CR: %d)\n", sig, ctx.failure);
        return -1;
    } else {
        CR_ASSERT(p);
        if (p->main) {
            return p->main(&ctx, operation);
        }
    }
#endif

    return -1;
}

#endif // CR_WINDOWS

#if defined(CR_LINUX) || defined(CR_OSX)

#include <csignal>
#include <cstring>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ucontext.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#if defined(CR_LINUX)
#   include <sys/sendfile.h>    // sendfile
#elif defined(CR_OSX)
#   include <copyfile.h>        // copyfile
#endif

using so_handle = void *;

static time_t cr_last_write_time(const std::string &path) {
    struct stat stats;
    if (stat(path.c_str(), &stats) == -1) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (stats.st_size == 0) {
        return -1;
    }

#if defined(CR_OSX)
    return stats.st_mtime;
#else
    return stats.st_mtim.tv_sec;
#endif
}

static bool cr_exists(const std::string &path) {
    struct stat stats {};
    return stat(path.c_str(), &stats) != -1;
}

static bool cr_copy(const std::string &from, const std::string &to) {
#if defined(CR_LINUX)
    // Reference: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=23618&seqNum=13
    int input, output;
    struct stat src_stat;
    if ((input = open(from.c_str(), O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
        return false;
    }
    fstat(input, &src_stat);

    if ((output = open(to.c_str(), O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, O_NOFOLLOW|src_stat.st_mode)) == -1) {
        close(input);
        return false;
    }

    int result = sendfile(output, input, NULL, src_stat.st_size);
    close(input);
    close(output);
    return result > -1;
#elif defined(CR_OSX)
    return copyfile(from.c_str(), to.c_str(), NULL, COPYFILE_ALL|COPYFILE_NOFOLLOW_DST) == 0;
#endif
}

static void cr_del(const std::string& path) {
    unlink(path.c_str());
}

// unix,internal
// a helper function to validate that an area of memory is empty
// this is used to validate that the data in the .bss haven't changed
// and that we are safe to discard it and uses the new one.
bool cr_is_empty(const void *const buf, int64_t len) {
    if (!buf || !len) {
        return true;
    }

    bool r = false;
    auto c = (const char *const)buf;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        r |= c[i];
    }
    return !r;
}

#if defined(CR_LINUX)
#include <elf.h>
#include <link.h>

static size_t cr_file_size(const std::string &path) {
    struct stat stats;
    if (stat(path.c_str(), &stats) == -1) {
        return 0;
    }
    return static_cast<size_t>(stats.st_size);
}

// unix,internal
// save section information to be used during load/unload when copying
// around global state (from .bss and .state binary sections).
// vaddr = is the in memory loaded address of the segment-section
// base = is the in file section address
// shdr = the in file section header
template <class H>
void cr_elf_section_save(cr_plugin &ctx, cr_plugin_section_type::e type,
                         int64_t vaddr, int64_t base, H shdr) {
    const auto version = cr_plugin_section_version::current;
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    auto data = &p->data[type][version];
    const size_t old_size = data->size;
    data->base = base;
    data->ptr = (char *)vaddr;
    data->size = shdr.sh_size;
    data->data = CR_REALLOC(data->data, shdr.sh_size);
    if (old_size < shdr.sh_size) {
        memset((char *)data->data + old_size, '\0', shdr.sh_size - old_size);
    }
}

// unix,internal
// validates that the sections being loaded are compatible with the previous
// one accordingly with desired `cr_mode` mode. If this is a first load, a
// validation is not necessary. At the same time it will initialize the
// section tracking information and alloc the required temporary space to use
// during unload.
template <class H>
bool cr_elf_validate_sections(cr_plugin &ctx, bool rollback, H shdr, int shnum,
                              const char *sh_strtab_p) {
    CR_ASSERT(sh_strtab_p);
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    bool result = true;
    for (int i = 0; i < shnum; ++i) {
        const char *name = sh_strtab_p + shdr[i].sh_name;
        auto sectionHeader = shdr[i];
        const int64_t addr = sectionHeader.sh_addr;
        const int64_t size = sectionHeader.sh_size;
        const int64_t base = (intptr_t)p->seg.ptr + p->seg.size;
        if (!strcmp(name, ".state")) {
            const int64_t vaddr = base - size;
            auto sec = cr_plugin_section_type::state;
            if (ctx.version || rollback) {
                result &=
                    cr_plugin_section_validate(ctx, sec, vaddr, addr, size);
            }
            if (result) {
                cr_elf_section_save(ctx, sec, vaddr, addr, sectionHeader);
            }
        } else if (!strcmp(name, ".bss")) {
            // .bss goes past segment filesz, but it may be just padding
            const int64_t vaddr = base;
            auto sec = cr_plugin_section_type::bss;
            if (ctx.version || rollback) {
                // this is kinda hack to skip bss validation if our data is zero
                // this means we don't care scrapping it, and helps skipping
                // validating a .bss that serves only as padding in the segment.
                if (!cr_is_empty(p->data[sec][0].data, p->data[sec][0].size)) {
                    result &=
                        cr_plugin_section_validate(ctx, sec, vaddr, addr, size);
                }
            }
            if (result) {
                cr_elf_section_save(ctx, sec, vaddr, addr, sectionHeader);
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

struct cr_ld_data {
    cr_plugin *ctx = nullptr;
    int64_t data_segment_address = 0;
    int64_t data_segment_size = 0;
    const char *fullname = nullptr;
};

// Iterate over all loaded shared objects and then for each one, iterates
// over each segment.
// So we find our plugin by filename and try to find the segment that
// contains our data sections (.state and .bss) to find their virtual
// addresses.
// We search segments with type PT_LOAD (1), meaning it is a loadable
// segment (anything that really matters ie. .text, .data, .bss, etc...)
// The segment where the p_memsz is bigger than p_filesz is the segment
// that contains the section .bss (if there is one or there is padding).
// Also, the segment will have sensible p_flags value (PF_W for exemple).
//
// Some useful references:
// http://www.skyfree.org/linux/references/ELF_Format.pdf
// https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2011/08/25/load-time-relocation-of-shared-libraries/
static int cr_dl_header_handler(struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t,
                                void *data) {
    CR_ASSERT(info && data);
    auto p = (cr_ld_data *)data;
    auto ctx = p->ctx;
    if (strcasecmp(info->dlpi_name, p->fullname)) {
        return 0;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < info->dlpi_phnum; i++) {
        auto phdr = info->dlpi_phdr[i];
        if (phdr.p_type != PT_LOAD) {
            continue;
        }

        // assume the first writable segment is the one that contains our
        // sections this may not be true I imagine, but if this becomes an
        // issue we fix it by comparing against section addresses, but this
        // will require some rework on the code flow.
        if (phdr.p_flags & PF_W) {
            auto pimpl = (cr_internal *)ctx->p;
            pimpl->seg.ptr = (char *)(info->dlpi_addr + phdr.p_vaddr);
            pimpl->seg.size = phdr.p_filesz;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static bool cr_plugin_validate_sections(cr_plugin &ctx, so_handle handle,
                                        const std::string &imagefile,
                                        bool rollback) {
    CR_ASSERT(handle);
    cr_ld_data data;
    data.ctx = &ctx;
    auto pimpl = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    if (pimpl->mode == CR_DISABLE) {
        return true;
    }
    data.fullname = imagefile.c_str();
    dl_iterate_phdr(cr_dl_header_handler, (void *)&data);

    const auto len = cr_file_size(imagefile);
    char *p = nullptr;
    bool result = false;
    do {
        int fd = open(imagefile.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
        p = (char *)mmap(0, len, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
        close(fd);

        // The ElfW() macro definition turns its argument into the name of an
        // ELF data type suitable for the hardware architecture. For example,
        // ElfW(Ehdr) yeilds the data type name Elf32_Ehdr on a 32-bit platforms,
        // and Elf64_Ehdr on 64-bit platforms.
        ElfW(Ehdr) *ehdr = (ElfW(Ehdr) *) p;
        if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0 ||
            ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1 ||
            ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2 ||
            ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3) {
            break;
        }

        ElfW(Shdr*) shdr = (ElfW(Shdr) *)(p + ehdr->e_shoff);
        auto sh_strtab = &shdr[ehdr->e_shstrndx];
        const char *const sh_strtab_p = p + sh_strtab->sh_offset;
        result = cr_elf_validate_sections(ctx, rollback, shdr,
                                          ehdr->e_shnum, sh_strtab_p);
    } while (0);

    if (p) {
        munmap(p, len);
    }

    if (!result) {
        ctx.failure = CR_STATE_INVALIDATED;
    }

    return result;
}

#elif defined(CR_OSX)
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
#include <mach-o/getsect.h>
#include <mach-o/ldsyms.h>
#include <stdlib.h>     // realpath
#include <limits.h>     // PATH_MAX

#if __LP64__
typedef struct mach_header_64 macho_hdr;
#define CR_MH_MAGIC MH_MAGIC_64
#else
typedef struct mach_header macho_hdr;
#define CR_MH_MAGIC MH_MAGIC
#endif

// osx,internal
// save section information to be used during load/unload when copying
// around global state (from .bss and .state binary sections).
// vaddr = is the in memory loaded address of the segment-section
void cr_macho_section_save(cr_plugin &ctx, cr_plugin_section_type::e type,
                           intptr_t addr, size_t size) {
    const auto version = cr_plugin_section_version::current;
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    auto data = &p->data[type][version];
    const size_t old_size = data->size;
    data->base = 0;
    data->ptr = (char *)addr;
    data->size = size;
    data->data = CR_REALLOC(data->data, size);
    if (old_size < size) {
        memset((char *)data->data + old_size, '\0', size - old_size);
    }
}

// Iterate over all loaded shared objects and then for each one to find
// our plugin by filename. Then knowing its image index we can get our
// data sections (__state and __bss) and calculate their virtual
// addresses.
//
// Some useful references:
// man 3 dyld
static bool cr_plugin_validate_sections(cr_plugin &ctx, so_handle handle,
                                        const std::string &imagefile,
                                        bool rollback) {
    bool result = true;
    auto pimpl = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    if (pimpl->mode == CR_DISABLE) {
        return result;
    }
    CR_TRACE

    // resolve absolute path of the image, because _dyld_get_image_name returns abs path
    char imageAbsPath[PATH_MAX+1];
    if (!::realpath(imagefile.c_str(), imageAbsPath)) {
        CR_ASSERT(0 && "resolving absolute path for plugin failed");
        return false;
    }

    const int count = (int)_dyld_image_count();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        const char *name = _dyld_get_image_name(i);

        if (strcasecmp(name, imageAbsPath)) {
            // match loaded image filename
            continue;
        }

        const auto hdr = _dyld_get_image_header(i);
        if (hdr->filetype != MH_DYLIB) {
            // assure it is a valid dylib
            continue;
        }

        intptr_t vaddr = _dyld_get_image_vmaddr_slide(i);
        (void)vaddr;
        //auto cmd_stride = sizeof(struct mach_header);
        if (hdr->magic != CR_MH_MAGIC) {
            // check for conforming mach-o header
            continue;
        }

        auto validate_and_save = [&](cr_plugin_section_type::e sec,
            intptr_t addr, unsigned long size) {
            if (addr != 0 && size != 0) {
                if (ctx.version || rollback) {
                    result &= cr_plugin_section_validate(ctx, sec, addr, 0, size);
                }
                if (result) {
                    cr_macho_section_save(ctx, sec, addr, size);
                }
            }
        };

        auto mhdr = (macho_hdr *)hdr;
        unsigned long size = 0;
        auto ptr = (intptr_t)getsectiondata(mhdr, SEG_DATA, "__bss", &size);
        validate_and_save(cr_plugin_section_type::bss, ptr, (size_t)size);
        if (result) {
            ptr = (intptr_t)getsectiondata(mhdr, SEG_DATA, "__state", &size);
            validate_and_save(cr_plugin_section_type::state, ptr, (size_t)size);
        }
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

#endif

static void cr_so_unload(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    CR_ASSERT(ctx.p);
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    CR_ASSERT(p->handle);

    const int r = dlclose(p->handle);
    if (r) {
        CR_ERROR("Error closing plugin: %d\n", r);
    }

    p->handle = nullptr;
    p->main = nullptr;
}

static so_handle cr_so_load(const std::string &new_file) {
    dlerror();
    auto new_dll = dlopen(new_file.c_str(), RTLD_NOW);
    if (!new_dll) {
        CR_ERROR("Couldn't load plugin: %s\n", dlerror());
    }
    return new_dll;
}

static cr_plugin_main_func cr_so_symbol(so_handle handle) {
    CR_ASSERT(handle);
    dlerror();
    auto new_main = (cr_plugin_main_func)dlsym(handle, CR_MAIN_FUNC);
    if (!new_main) {
        CR_ERROR("Couldn't find plugin entry point: %s\n", dlerror());
    }
    return new_main;
}

sigjmp_buf env;

static void cr_signal_handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *uap) {
    CR_TRACE
    (void)uap;
    CR_ASSERT(si);
    siglongjmp(env, sig);
}

static void cr_plat_init() {
    CR_TRACE
    static bool initialized = false;
    if (initialized) {
        return;
    }
    initialized = true;
    struct sigaction sa;
    sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_RESTART | SA_NODEFER;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_sigaction = cr_signal_handler;
#if defined(CR_LINUX)
    sa.sa_restorer = nullptr;
#endif

    if (sigaction(SIGILL, &sa, nullptr) == -1) {
        CR_ERROR("Failed to setup SIGILL handler\n");
    }
    if (sigaction(SIGBUS, &sa, nullptr) == -1) {
        CR_ERROR("Failed to setup SIGBUS handler\n");
    }
    if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, nullptr) == -1) {
        CR_ERROR("Failed to setup SIGSEGV handler\n");
    }
    if (sigaction(SIGABRT, &sa, nullptr) == -1) {
        CR_ERROR("Failed to setup SIGABRT handler\n");
    }
}

static cr_failure cr_signal_to_failure(int sig) {
    switch (sig) {
    case 0:
        return CR_NONE;
    case SIGILL:
        return CR_ILLEGAL;
    case SIGBUS:
        return CR_MISALIGN;
    case SIGSEGV:
        return CR_SEGFAULT;
    case SIGABRT:
        return CR_ABORT;
    }
    return static_cast<cr_failure>(CR_OTHER + sig);
}

static int cr_plugin_main(cr_plugin &ctx, cr_op operation) {
    if (int sig = sigsetjmp(env, 1)) {
        ctx.version = ctx.last_working_version;
        ctx.failure = cr_signal_to_failure(sig);
        CR_LOG("1 FAILURE: %d (CR: %d)\n", sig, ctx.failure);
        return -1;
    } else {
        auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
        CR_ASSERT(p);
        if (p->main) {
            return p->main(&ctx, operation);
        }
    }

    return -1;
}

#endif // CR_LINUX || CR_OSX

static bool cr_plugin_load_internal(cr_plugin &ctx, bool rollback) {
    CR_TRACE
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    const auto file = p->fullname;
    if (cr_exists(file) || rollback) {
        const auto old_file = cr_version_path(file, ctx.version, p->temppath);
        CR_LOG("unload '%s' with rollback: %d\n", old_file.c_str(), rollback);
        int r = cr_plugin_unload(ctx, rollback, false);
        if (r < 0) {
            return false;
        }

        auto new_version = rollback ? ctx.version : ctx.next_version;
        auto new_file = cr_version_path(file, new_version, p->temppath);
        if (rollback) {
            if (ctx.version == 0) {
                ctx.failure = CR_INITIAL_FAILURE;
                return false;
            }
            // Don't rollback to this version again, if it crashes.
            ctx.last_working_version = ctx.version > 0 ? ctx.version - 1 : 0;
        } else {
            // Save current version for rollback.
            ctx.last_working_version = ctx.version;
            cr_copy(file, new_file);

            // Update `next_version` for use by the next reload.
            ctx.next_version = new_version + 1;

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
            if (!cr_pdb_process(new_file)) {
                CR_ERROR("Couldn't process PDB, debugging may be "
                         "affected and/or reload may fail\n");
            }
#endif // defined(_MSC_VER)
        }

        auto new_dll = cr_so_load(new_file);
        if (!new_dll) {
            ctx.failure = CR_BAD_IMAGE;
            return false;
        }

        if (!cr_plugin_validate_sections(ctx, new_dll, new_file, rollback)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (rollback) {
            cr_plugin_sections_reload(ctx, cr_plugin_section_version::backup);
        } else if (ctx.version) {
            cr_plugin_sections_reload(ctx, cr_plugin_section_version::current);
        }

        auto new_main = cr_so_symbol(new_dll);
        if (!new_main) {
            return false;
        }

        auto p2 = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
        p2->handle = new_dll;
        p2->main = new_main;
        if (ctx.failure != CR_BAD_IMAGE) {
            p2->timestamp = cr_last_write_time(file);
        }
        ctx.version = new_version;
        CR_LOG("loaded: %s (version: %d)\n", new_file.c_str(), ctx.version);
    } else {
        CR_ERROR("Error loading plugin.\n");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static bool cr_plugin_section_validate(cr_plugin &ctx,
                                       cr_plugin_section_type::e type,
                                       intptr_t ptr, intptr_t base,
                                       int64_t size) {
    CR_TRACE
    (void)ptr;
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    switch (p->mode) {
    case CR_SAFE:
        return (p->data[type][0].size == size);
    case CR_UNSAFE:
        return (p->data[type][0].size <= size);
    case CR_DISABLE:
        return true;
    default:
        break;
    }
    // CR_SAFEST
    return (p->data[type][0].base == base && p->data[type][0].size == size);
}

// internal
static void cr_plugin_sections_backup(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    if (p->mode == CR_DISABLE) {
        return;
    }
    CR_TRACE

    for (int i = 0; i < cr_plugin_section_type::count; ++i) {
        auto cur = &p->data[i][cr_plugin_section_version::current];
        if (cur->ptr) {
            auto bkp = &p->data[i][cr_plugin_section_version::backup];
            bkp->data = CR_REALLOC(bkp->data, cur->size);
            bkp->ptr = cur->ptr;
            bkp->size = cur->size;
            bkp->base = cur->base;

            if (bkp->data) {
                std::memcpy(bkp->data, cur->data, bkp->size);
            }
        }
    }
}

// internal
// Before unloading iterate over possible global static state and keeps an
// internal copy to be used in next version load and a backup copy as a known
// valid state checkpoint. This is mostly due that a new load may want to
// modify the state and if anything bad happens we are sure to have a valid
// and compatible copy of the state for the previous version of the plugin.
static void cr_plugin_sections_store(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    if (p->mode == CR_DISABLE) {
        return;
    }
    CR_TRACE

    auto version = cr_plugin_section_version::current;
    for (int i = 0; i < cr_plugin_section_type::count; ++i) {
        if (p->data[i][version].ptr && p->data[i][version].data) {
            const char *ptr = p->data[i][version].ptr;
            const int64_t len = p->data[i][version].size;
            std::memcpy(p->data[i][version].data, ptr, len);
        }
    }

    cr_plugin_sections_backup(ctx);
}

// internal
// After a load happens reload the global state from previous version from our
// internal copy created during the unload step.
static void cr_plugin_sections_reload(cr_plugin &ctx,
                                      cr_plugin_section_version::e version) {
    CR_ASSERT(version < cr_plugin_section_version::count);
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    if (p->mode == CR_DISABLE) {
        return;
    }
    CR_TRACE

    for (int i = 0; i < cr_plugin_section_type::count; ++i) {
        if (p->data[i][version].data) {
            const int64_t len = p->data[i][version].size;
            // restore backup into the current section address as it may
            // change due aslr and backup address may be invalid
            const auto current = cr_plugin_section_version::current;
            auto dest = (void *)p->data[i][current].ptr;
            if (dest) {
                std::memcpy(dest, p->data[i][version].data, len);
            }
        }
    }
}

// internal
// Cleanup and frees any temporary memory used to keep global static data
// between sessions, used during shutdown.
static void cr_so_sections_free(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    CR_TRACE
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    for (int i = 0; i < cr_plugin_section_type::count; ++i) {
        for (int v = 0; v < cr_plugin_section_version::count; ++v) {
            if (p->data[i][v].data) {
                CR_FREE(p->data[i][v].data);
            }
            p->data[i][v].data = nullptr;
        }
    }
}

static bool cr_plugin_changed(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    const auto src = cr_last_write_time(p->fullname);
    const auto cur = p->timestamp;
    return src > cur;
}

// internal
// Unload current running plugin, if it is not a rollback it will trigger a
// last update with `cr_op::CR_UNLOAD` (that may crash and cause another
// rollback, etc.) storing global static states to use with next load. If the
// unload is due a rollback, no `cr_op::CR_UNLOAD` is called neither any state
// is saved, giving opportunity to the previous version to continue with valid
// previous state.
static int cr_plugin_unload(cr_plugin &ctx, bool rollback, bool close) {
    CR_TRACE
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;
    int r = 0;
    if (p->handle) {
        if (!rollback) {
            r = cr_plugin_main(ctx, close ? CR_CLOSE : CR_UNLOAD);
            // Don't store state if unload crashed.  Rollback will use backup.
            if (r < 0) {
                CR_LOG("4 FAILURE: %d\n", r);
            } else {
                cr_plugin_sections_store(ctx);
            }
        }
        cr_so_unload(ctx);
        p->handle = nullptr;
        p->main = nullptr;
    }
    return r;
}

// internal
// Force a version rollback, causing a partial-unload and a load with the
// previous version, also triggering an update with `cr_op::CR_LOAD` that
// in turn may also cause more rollbacks.
static bool cr_plugin_rollback(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    CR_TRACE
    auto loaded = cr_plugin_load_internal(ctx, true);
    if (loaded) {
        loaded = cr_plugin_main(ctx, CR_LOAD) >= 0;
        if (loaded) {
            ctx.failure = CR_NONE;
        }
    }
    return loaded;
}

// internal
// Checks if a rollback or a reload is needed, do the unload/loading and call
// update one time with `cr_op::CR_LOAD`. Note that this may fail due to crash
// handling during this first update, effectivelly rollbacking if possible and
// causing a consecutive `CR_LOAD` with the previous version.
static void cr_plugin_reload(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    if (cr_plugin_changed(ctx)) {
        CR_TRACE
        if (!cr_plugin_load_internal(ctx, false)) {
            return;
        }
        int r = cr_plugin_main(ctx, CR_LOAD);
        if (r < 0 && !ctx.failure) {
            CR_LOG("2 FAILURE: %d\n", r);
            ctx.failure = CR_USER;
        }
    }
}

// This is basically the plugin `main` function, should be called as
// frequently as your core logic/application needs. -1 and -2 are the only
// possible return values from cr meaning a fatal error (causes rollback),
// other return values are returned directly from `cr_main`.
extern "C" int cr_plugin_update(cr_plugin &ctx, bool reloadCheck = true) {
    if (ctx.failure) {
        CR_LOG("1 ROLLBACK version was %d\n", ctx.version);
        cr_plugin_rollback(ctx);
        CR_LOG("1 ROLLBACK version is now %d\n", ctx.version);
#ifdef __MINGW32__
        cr_plat_init();
#endif

    } else {
        if (reloadCheck) {
            cr_plugin_reload(ctx);
        }
    }

    // -2 to differentiate from crash handling code path, meaning the crash
    // happened probably during load or unload and not update
    if (ctx.failure) {
        CR_LOG("3 FAILURE: -2\n");
        return -2;
    }

    int r = cr_plugin_main(ctx, CR_STEP);
    if (r < 0 && !ctx.failure) {
        CR_LOG("4 FAILURE: CR_USER\n");
        ctx.failure = CR_USER;
    }
    return r;
}

// Loads a plugin from the specified full path (or current directory if NULL).
extern "C" bool cr_plugin_open(cr_plugin &ctx, const char *fullpath) {
    CR_TRACE
    CR_ASSERT(fullpath);
    if (!cr_exists(fullpath)) {
        return false;
    }
    auto p = new(CR_MALLOC(sizeof(cr_internal))) cr_internal;
    p->mode = CR_OP_MODE;
    p->fullname = fullpath;
    ctx.p = p;
    ctx.next_version = 1;
    ctx.last_working_version = 0;
    ctx.version = 0;
    ctx.failure = CR_NONE;
    cr_plat_init();
    return true;
}

// 20200109 [DEPRECATED] Use `cr_plugin_open` instead.
extern "C" bool cr_plugin_load(cr_plugin &ctx, const char *fullpath) {
    return cr_plugin_open(ctx, fullpath);
}

// Call to cleanup internal state once the plugin is not required anymore.
extern "C" void cr_plugin_close(cr_plugin &ctx) {
    CR_TRACE
    const bool rollback = false;
    const bool close = true;
    cr_plugin_unload(ctx, rollback, close);
    cr_so_sections_free(ctx);
    auto p = (cr_internal *)ctx.p;

    // delete backups
    const auto file = p->fullname;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx.version; i++) {
        cr_del(cr_version_path(file, i, p->temppath));
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
        cr_del(cr_replace_extension(cr_version_path(file, i, p->temppath), ".pdb"));
#endif
    }

    p->~cr_internal();
    CR_FREE(p);
    ctx.p = nullptr;
    ctx.version = 0;
}

#endif // #ifndef CR_HOST

#endif // __CR_H__
// clang-format off
/*