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<title>职业的四大象限 - 精益副业</title>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 精益副业</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="01.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 为什么副业特别重要</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0101.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 职业可能性</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010101.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.1.</strong> 职业的四大象限</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010102.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.2.</strong> 没有副业的职业</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010103.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.3.</strong> 副业带来的可能性</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0102.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 职业自由度</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010201.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 从中指备用金说起</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010202.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> PlanB和反脆弱</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010203.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 全新的工作自由度</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0103.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 职业成长性</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010301A.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 新技术练兵场</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="010302.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 业务敏感度</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="02.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 如何优雅地做副业</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0201.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 想明白核心资源和核心优势</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020101.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.1.</strong> 副业的核心资源</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020102.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.2.</strong> 副业的核心优势</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0202.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 时间片</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020201.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.1.</strong> 时间片的销售</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020202.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.2.</strong> 时间片的优化</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020203.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.3.</strong> 突破时间片限制</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0203.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 资产和被动收入</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020301.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.1.</strong> 什么是资产</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020302.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.2.</strong> 资产的获得方式</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="020303.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.3.</strong> 资产的量化评估</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="03.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 优选资产</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0301.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 知识和人脉的变现</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="030101.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.1.</strong> 付费视频课</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="030102.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.2.</strong> 付费专栏</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="030103.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.3.</strong> 付费社群</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="030104.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.4.</strong> 图书出版</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0302.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> 自有产品和服务</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="030201.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.1.</strong> 应用市场卖APP</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="04.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 精益副业</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0401.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 精益副业流程</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040104.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.1.</strong> 商业模式画布</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040105.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.2.</strong> 最小可行产品和产品市场契合</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="0403.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 精益独立开发实践</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040301.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.1.</strong> 独立开发的精益流程</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040302.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.2.</strong> 福利单词项目简介</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040303.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.3.</strong> 福利单词的商业模式画布</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040304.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.4.</strong> 通过用户画像细化客户</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040305.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.5.</strong> 画像→场景→功能和分期</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040306.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.6.</strong> 什么是好的商业设计</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040307.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.7.</strong> 人人能用的四大原则</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040308.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.8.</strong> 独特Logo解决方案</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040309.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.9.</strong> 使用AdobeXD设计界面</a></li><li class="chapter-item 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aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> 进一步提升副业的鲁棒性</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="040401.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.1.</strong> 网课+独立开发的双引擎副业模式</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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<h1 id="职业的四大象限"><a class="header" href="#职业的四大象限">职业的四大象限</a></h1>
<p>2014年的时候，我做过一个「程序员拍卖」的项目。听起来很神奇，其实就是将我们遴选过的优质程序员推送给各家在招聘的公司，让他们来竞价，从而帮程序员们找到一份满意的工作。</p>
<p>那两年，我们为上千名程序员找到了工作。后来我把从中学到的对于程序员职业的理解写成了一本小书，叫做<a href="https://www.amazon.cn/dp/B00PJVX160">《程序员跳槽全攻略》</a>。</p>
<p>书里我创造了一个用来分析程序员职业的工具，叫做「方糖职业路线图」。它根据现金流将程序员的职业空间分布到了E、S、B、I 四个象限中，我们依次来说说。</p>
<p><img src="images/ch01-fangtangzhiyeluxiantu.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h2 id="e象限雇员象限帮别人挣钱"><a class="header" href="#e象限雇员象限帮别人挣钱">E象限（雇员象限）、帮别人挣钱</a></h2>
<p>E象限是雇员象限。别人给我们发工资，我们帮别人挣钱。这是风险最小的象限，我们的工作任务是别人分配的，只要认真完成，每个月都能得到预期中的收益。</p>
<p>在从开发走向高级开发后，往往就可以开始选择发展路线。E象限的典型的发展路线有两种，专家线和管理线。</p>
<p>E象限的优点是稳定，缺点是天花板非常明显。</p>
<h2 id="s象限自雇象限为自己挣钱"><a class="header" href="#s象限自雇象限为自己挣钱">S象限（自雇象限）、为自己挣钱</a></h2>
<p>S象限是自雇象限，自己挣钱自己花，一般不雇用别人。比如做独立开发、组建工作室做外包和建站，甚至也可能做一些和编程没有关系的事情。</p>
<p>S象限最大的优点是，自己的业务自己做主，挣的钱也都是自己的。一个三五十万的外包做下来，一年的基本生活保障就有了。</p>
<p>S象限的缺点是，收益未必能比E象限多多少，而风险却高很多。光靠单纯的编程技能往往搞不定，还需要把接活拉活的能力、协调沟通的能力都培养起来。这些能力往往在程序员的舒适区外，需要花精力和时间去培养。因为收入是业务驱动的，所以行业的风险也会直接转嫁到我们这里。</p>
<h2 id="b象限创业象限让雇员挣钱"><a class="header" href="#b象限创业象限让雇员挣钱">B象限（创业象限）、让雇员挣钱</a></h2>
<p>B象限是创业象限，和S象限最大的不同是我们不是自己干活，而是雇用其他人来帮我们干活挣钱。</p>
<p>它的优点在于，可以让我们从S象限的天花板中解脱出来，拥有规模化成长的可能性。</p>
<p>而缺点在于，它有一个比较大的固定成本。即使是对于轻资产的互联网公司来说，也是如此。比如人力成本。招聘、组建、培养一个团队是非常耗费时间和精力的，所以即使当业务不好的时候，我们还是需要支付大量的工资来维持团队，以便之后能快速恢复业务。</p>
<h2 id="i象限投资象限让钱挣钱"><a class="header" href="#i象限投资象限让钱挣钱">I象限（投资象限）、让钱挣钱</a></h2>
<p>I象限是投资象限，是在我们有了一定的资本之后的一种让钱挣钱的方式。在B象限里，我们需要创办企业来挣钱，这需要大量的精力。即使你的精力异常充沛，同时运营三五家公司也就到上限了。I象限让我们以投资的方式参与到大量的公司中去，共享这些公司的增长，从而实现资产的增值。</p>
<p>在了解了四大象限以后，我们可以发现，如果赶不上公司上市这种可遇不可求的事情、或者能一路升迁做到大公司高层，先不说财务自由，光是要想在北上深买房安家，只留在E象限都是非常困难的 —— 我们必须向其他象限发展。</p>
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