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NF-κB and cancer: how intimate is this relationship

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Abstract

NF-κB, a transcription factor first discovered in 1986, is now known to be closely connected to the process of tumorogenesis based on a multiplicity of evidence. (1) NF-κB is activated in response to tobacco, stress, dietary agents, obesity, alcohol, infectious agents, irradiation, and environmental stimuli that account for as much as 95% of all cancers. (2) The transcription factor has been linked with transformation of cells. (3) It is constitutively active in most tumor cells. (4) It has also been linked with the survival of cancer stem cells, an early progenitor cell that has acquired self-renewal potential. (5) NF-κB regulates the expression of most anti-apoptotic gene products associated with the survival of the tumor. (6) It also regulates the gene products linked with proliferation of tumors. (7) The transcription factor controls the expression of gene products linked with invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer. (8) While most carcinogens activate NF-κB, most chemopreventive agents suppress its activation. These observations suggest that NF-κB is intimately intertwined with cancer growth and metastasis. The mechanism that leads to constitutive activation of NF-κB in hematological, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, thoracic head and neck, breast, and skin cancers, and the ways NF-κB is activated are the topics of discussion in this review.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Walter Pagel for carefully proofreading the manuscript and providing valuable comments. Dr. Aggarwal is the Ransom Horne, Jr., Professor of Cancer Research. This study was supported by a grant from the Clayton Foundation for Research (B.B.A.), a core grant from the National Institutes of Health (CA-16 672), a program project grant from National Institutes of Health (NIH CA-124787-01A2), and grant from Center for Targeted Therapy of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.

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  1. Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Sahdeo Prasad, Jayaraj Ravindran & Bharat B. Aggarwal

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  1. Sahdeo Prasad
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Correspondence to Bharat B. Aggarwal.

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Invited review article for Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.

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Prasad, S., Ravindran, J. & Aggarwal, B.B. NF-κB and cancer: how intimate is this relationship. Mol Cell Biochem 336, 25–37 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-009-0267-2

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