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Review
. 2024 Aug 22;16(8):e67544.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.67544. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Interlinked Pathways: Exploring the Bidirectional Impacts of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome

Bandar M Barnawi  1 , Maram M Alanazi  2 , Fai A Al-Mutiri  2 , Rahaf S Alqahtani  2 , Madhawi S Al-Harbi  2 , Saud K Al-Raqqas  3 , Waleed K Mahjoub  4 , Mahdi M Alsetri  4 , Ziyad M Al-Sultan  4 , Ghadeer M Alghamdi  5 , Ridha I Almutawah  6
Affiliations
Review

Interlinked Pathways: Exploring the Bidirectional Impacts of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome

Bandar M Barnawi et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MBS) and periodontitis are distinct conditions with overlapping and unique risk factors. Periodontitis is a chronic destructive disease of the periodontium, driven by alterations in the host immune-inflammatory response to virulent periodontal pathogens. MBS is characterized by various abnormalities, including visceral abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high triglyceride (TG) levels), hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These factors collectively increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Several pro-inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and MBS, and the deleterious bidirectional effects of these mediators exacerbate the severity and progression of both conditions. This comprehensive review focuses on the intricate relationship between MBS and periodontitis. Specifically, it explores the pathophysiological mechanisms of each disease component of MBS and its impact on periodontitis, and vice versa.

Keywords: cytokines; inflammation; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

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